Download DNA Unit Study Guide

DNA Exam Review Sheet
Name_______________
Prd.____Date________
Part 1. Vocabulary
1. Nucleotide
2. Base Pairing
3. Replication
4. Transcription
5. Translation
6. messenger RNA
7. transfer RNA
8. Codon
9. Anticodon
10. Transformation
Part 2. DNA Structure
Draw and label all the following parts of a nucleotide: Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen
Base:
What is the difference between Purine and Pyrimidine nitrogen bases?
Draw a diagram of the double helix shape of a DNA molecule
What are some differences between DNA and RNA? Fill in the following chart:
DNA
RNA
Made in the nucleus, but
Leaves nucleus and
Goes to Ribosome
Stays in Nucleus
Double-stranded double
Helix shape
Single-stranded
Has nitrogen bases: G, A, T, C
Has nitrogen bases: G, A, U, C
Has the sugar Deoxyribose
Has the sugar Ribose
What are some differences between messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA):
mRNA
tRNA
Made in nucleus, but leaves
Nucleus and goes to
Ribosome
Floats around freely in the
Cytoplasm of the cell
Picks up amino acids in the
Cell and brings them
To the ribosomes
Carries the genetic code from
The DNA to the
Ribosome
Single-stranded shape
Twisted shape with one end
To attach amino acids
And another end (the
Terminal end) with 3 bases
Contains the Codon
Contains the Anticodon
Part 3: DNA Replication
DNA is responsible for 2 important things in the cell: DNA Replication which
provides new cells with their own copy of DNA, and the production of Proteins
(Protein Synthesis).
Study the following diagram and be able to answer questions about the process.
In the space below, write the
steps involved in DNA
replication:
In DNA Replication, what is the role of each of these enzymes:
DNA Helicases
DNA Polymerases
Fill in the following sequence of DNA to replace its missing sides:
C–
G–
T–
A–
C–
C–
T–
A–
Why does DNA replicate? Be specific
Part 4: Protein Synthesis
1. What are proteins and why are they important in cells?
2. What are amino acids?
3. What determines the differences between proteins of a cow and a human?
4. Protein Synthesis in a cell begins with a process call Transcription: the making of
a messenger RNA molecule. What does the word Transcription mean?
Study the following diagram of the process of Transcription:
In the space to the side of this diagram, list the steps involved in Transcription (making a
strand of mRNA):
Fill in the following mRNA strand if it is attached to the right side of this DNA
molecule:
DNA:
-T
-A
-G
-G
-C
-A
The second step in the making of a protein is called Translation. Here the code provided
by the messenger RNA is “translated” into the code of a protein.
Study the diagram below: Know and understand the process of translation:
Fill in the missing tRNA anticodons for this mRNA strand:
mRNA:
AUGUUAGCUsing the chart shown below, answer the following questions. What would the sequence
of amino acids be for the following mRNA sequence?
AUG
UAU
CGA
A. Acid:
AUG is called an “initiator” or “start” codon.
It also brings one amino acid, which is always
the first amino acid of any protein.
What amino acid is it?
What are the 3 codes for the “Stop” codon?
GGG
AAU
GCG
What are the two main functions of a DNA molecule?
1.
2.
These scientists each performed experiments related to our study of DNA and its’
function in a cell. Describe each experiment and how it was significant to our
understanding of DNA:
Rosalind Franklin:
James Watson and Francis Crick:
DNA Fingerprinting & Genetic Engineering
Define the following terms:
Restriction Enzyme:
DNA Ligase:
Recombinant DNA:
Recognition Site:
Gel Electrophoresis:
The following diagram represents an electrophoresis gel. Indicate on the following
diagram where the DNA fragments will migrate. You must indicate DNA pieces of the
following lengths: 100 bp, 250 bp, 525 bp, 750 bp, and 950 bp. Be sure and indicate the
well where the DNA is loaded and the positive electrode location. Note: the 100 bp
fragment is shown for you already.
Use the following data for your analysis:
NOTE: DO NOT SHOW THESE ON
THE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS MODEL!
THESE ARE JUST YOUR GUIDE AS TO
HOW FAR THE FRAGMENTS WILL
TRAVEL!
100 bp will travel 10 cm
200 bp will travel 9 cm
300 bp will travel 8 cm
400 bp will travel 7 cm
500 bp will travel 6 cm
600 bp will travel 5 cm
700 bp will travel 4 cm
800 bp will travel 3 cm
900 bp will travel 2 cm
1000 bp will travel 1 cm
DNA WELL
--1 cm
--2 cm
--3 cm
--4 cm
--5 cm
--6 cm
--7 cm
--8 cm
--9 cm
--10 cm