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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 13-1 REVIEW
DNA TECHNOLOGY
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. DNA fingerprint _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. gel electrophoresis _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. probe __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. primer _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. To cut DNA molecules into pieces at specific sequences of nucleotides,
genetic engineers use
a. cloning vectors.
c. bacteria.
b. insulin.
d. restriction enzymes.
_____ 2. In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward one end of a gel
because they are
a. pulled toward that end by gravity.
b. attracted to complementary DNA fragments at that end of the gel.
c. attracted to the positively charged end of the gel.
d. repelled by hydrophobic molecules at the other end of the gel.
_____ 3. The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting can be increased by comparing
a. segments of DNA that tend to vary the least from person to person.
b. noncoding segments from several loci.
c. DNA from identical twins.
d. repeat patterns at only one or two sites in the genome.
_____ 4. In addition to DNA polymerase and primers, the polymerase chain
reaction also requires
a. a large amount of DNA.
c. a supply of the four DNA
nucleotides.
b. restriction enzymes.
d. complementary sequences of
RNA.
_____ 5. To obtain bacteria that produce insulin, genetic engineers
a. remove repressor proteins that inhibit the expression of the bacterial
insulin gene.
b. insert a vector containing the human gene for insulin into bacteria.
c. search for bacteria that can grow in a medium that lacks insulin.
d. grow normal bacteria in a nutrient medium that contains a large
amount of sugar.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
65
DNA Technology
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. How are radioactive probes useful in DNA fingerprinting? _______________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. How is the polymerase chain reaction useful in DNA fingerprinting? _______
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Critical Thinking Why is it necessary to use the same restriction enzyme to
cut two pieces of DNA that are to be joined together? ___________________
________________________________________________________________
4. List three ways that DNA technology could be used to improve the lives of
humans. ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the spaces provided, write the names for
the objects labeled a–f.
The diagram below summarizes the procedure for transferring a human gene into
a bacterium.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
66
DNA Technology
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 13-2 REVIEW
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. proteomics _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. bioinformatics ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) ______________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Human Genome Project ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. One of the goals of the Human Genome Project is to
a. increase the number of genes in the human genome.
b. map the location of only the most important genes on each
chromosome.
c. clone the entire human genome in bacteria.
d. determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
_____ 2. One of the surprising discoveries of the Human Genome Project was
that
a. the human genome consists of only about 30,000 to 40,000 genes.
b. 98 percent of the human genome codes for proteins.
c. each gene encodes only a single protein.
d. the human genome contains no transposons.
_____ 3. An understanding of the human genome is aided by an understanding
of
a. mathematics.
c. DNA fingerprints.
b. computer science.
d. the genomes of model species.
_____ 4. What percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?
a. 98 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 2 percent
_____ 5. A DNA microarray is an important tool because it
a. can cure cancer.
c. identifies an individual.
b. shows which genes are active in a cell. d. dyes tumor cells to kill them.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
67
The Human Genome Project
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Why did scientists want to map the human genome? _____________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. List three important discoveries that resulted from the Human Genome
Project. ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Critical Thinking Why is it more important to understand the human
proteome than the human genome? __________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the table to answer the following
questions in the spaces provided.
1. What is the
Kingdom
relationship, if any,
between the
complexity of an
Archaebacteria
organism and the size
Eubacteria
of its genome?
_____________________
_____________________
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
_____________________
_____________________
Animalia
_____________________
_____________________
Organism
(common name)
Pyrococcus
Chlamydia
E. coli
Amoeba
Yeast
Mustard
Easter lily
Fruitfly
Roundworm
Frog
Human
Mouse
Zebrafish
Genome size
(million bases)
Number
of genes
1.9
2,065
1.0
4.6
34
12
125
100,000
120
97
1,700
3,300
3,630
894
4,289
~9,000
6,000
23,174
~25,000
13,600
19,049
~30,000
35,000
~30,000
1,700
~3,000
2. What might explain why there is not a direct relationship between the size of
an organism’s genome and the number of genes it contains?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
68
The Human Genome Project
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 13-3 REVIEW
GENETIC ENGINEERING
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. DNA vaccine ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. telomere _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. bioethics _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. gene therapy ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Many of the pharmaceutical products being produced by DNA
technology are
a. carbohydrates. b. lipids.
c. proteins.
d. polysaccharides.
_____ 2. When the human body mobilizes its defenses against a pathogen, the
body recognizes the pathogen’s
a. surface proteins.b. DNA.
c. RNA.
d. genome.
_____ 3. DNA technology is being used to develop crop plants that are
a. less toxic to the pests that
c. unable to fix nitrogen in
normally feed on them
the atmosphere.
d. resistant to some
diseases.
b. more susceptible to herbicides.
_____ 4. Scientists have inserted genes into rice plants that
a. code for enzymes that cause rice to ripen quickly.
b. increase the iron and beta carotene levels.
c. code for substances that cause allergies in people.
d. increase the thickness of the seed coat.
_____ 5. Some people are concerned that genetically engineered crop plants
could
a. transmit their new genes to wild plant species, producing
“superweeds.”
b. transmit their new genes to the animals that eat the plants, producing
“superanimals.”
c. exchange genes with animals, producing plant-animal hybrids.
d. be wiped out by native plant species.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
69
Genetic Engineering
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. How does a DNA vaccine prevent future disease? ______________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. If Dolly’s cloning was successful, why was her lifespan shorter than normal? _
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Why doesn’t gene therapy cure cystic fibrosis? _________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Describe a potential problem that could arise from genetic engineering.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. Critical Thinking What is a possible beneficial change besides those
mentioned in the text that could be made to crop plants using DNA
technology? ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The flowchart below summarizes some of
the successes of genetic engineering. Complete the chart by filling in the
blanks.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
70
Genetic Engineering