Download Biosem1Finalreview - Uplift Summit International

BIOLOGY-9th grade Year
SEMESTER 1 FINAL EXAM review
(Ch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
The following could be on your Exam
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Unifying themes of biology – Cellular structure and function, reproduction,
metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, interdependence
Solving world problems – preserving our environment, improving food supply,
understanding the human genome, fighting diseases (AIDS, cancer, emerging
diseases)
Stages of a scientific investigation
Atoms, Subatomic particles, Elements, Isotopes, Molecules, Compounds
Bonding – covalent, ionic, hydrogen
Acids, Bases, Buffers, pH – their properties and examples
Biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids – properties, uses and
examples
Enzymes – properties, activation energy, enzyme action, factors affecting
enzymes
Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cell organelles and function of each organelle
Active transport- Sodium potassium pump
Passive transport-Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion
Movement in vesicles-endocytosis, exocytosis
Calvin cycle
Pigments
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Respiration in absence of oxygen (fermentation)
Chromosome structure: Chromatids, Centromere etc.
Stages of Mitosis
What happens in Cytokinesis?
Stages of Meiosis
Seven characters/traits Mendel studied in Peas
Three steps of Mendel’s experiments
Examples of dominant and recessive characters
The Laws of Heredity: The law of segregation, The law of independent
assortment
Punnett squares – Monohybrid crosses, Dihybrid crosses
Test cross, Pedigree
Polygenic inheritance, Incomplete dominance, Multiple alleles, Codominance,
Environmental influence on characters
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Griffiths experiment -transformation
Hershey Chase experiment
Contributions of various scientists in the field of DNA research – Avery,
Chargaff, Wilkins and Franklin, Watson and Crick
Structure of DNA
Base pairing rules
DNA replication
Central dogma
Three types of RNA
Transcription
Translation
Genetic code, codons; Interpreting the genetic code
Steps in genetic engineering – cutting DNA, making recombinant DNA, Cloning,
Screening
Confirmation of a cloned gene – Southern blot method
Facts about the human genome project
5 genetically engineered medicines and their basic uses
5 ways to improve crops by manipulating genes
5 applications of genetic engineering to animal farming
Earth’s formation and events that followed
Radiometric dating, half life
Primordial soup model
Miller Urey experiment
Lerman’s bubble model
Evolution of cellular life – prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their examples
Theory of endosymbiosis
6 kingdoms of life
Evidence of evolution (ch 13 section 2)