List of tables - Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto
... Micrography, a specimen of Mucor, a microfungus, was the first microorganism to be described, in 1665, by Robert Hooke. Later, in 1676, Leeuwenhoek described the first bacteria and protozoa. The biggest contribute from Leeuwenhoek to biology, the discovery of bacteria, happened with his interest in ...
... Micrography, a specimen of Mucor, a microfungus, was the first microorganism to be described, in 1665, by Robert Hooke. Later, in 1676, Leeuwenhoek described the first bacteria and protozoa. The biggest contribute from Leeuwenhoek to biology, the discovery of bacteria, happened with his interest in ...
Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in yeast Saccharomyces
... Intracellular compartmentalization by biological membranes has contributed greatly to the evolutionary diversification of eukaryotes. It does, however, also create hurdles to the distribution and flux of many important metabolic pathways, since many intermediates of metabolism can not easily cross c ...
... Intracellular compartmentalization by biological membranes has contributed greatly to the evolutionary diversification of eukaryotes. It does, however, also create hurdles to the distribution and flux of many important metabolic pathways, since many intermediates of metabolism can not easily cross c ...
Linkage Isomerization Reactions*
... the relative metal-ligand affinities for the several binding sites involved in the complex. In this way, linkage isomers can be generated in a dynamic way along with cyclic potential scanning, depending on the rates of the substitution or isomerization processes. This is particularly the case of low ...
... the relative metal-ligand affinities for the several binding sites involved in the complex. In this way, linkage isomers can be generated in a dynamic way along with cyclic potential scanning, depending on the rates of the substitution or isomerization processes. This is particularly the case of low ...
Introductory Chemistry
... Central Science. Since that time, the label the central science has become more and more associated with chemistry above all other sciences. Why? Follow along, if you will. Science is grounded, first and foremost, in mathematics. Math is the language of science. Any study of true science must use ma ...
... Central Science. Since that time, the label the central science has become more and more associated with chemistry above all other sciences. Why? Follow along, if you will. Science is grounded, first and foremost, in mathematics. Math is the language of science. Any study of true science must use ma ...
Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 1
... differ from what is found today. Prebiotic earth had an atmosphere that lacked oxygen, but was rich in H2, N2, CO2, H2O, and sulfurous gases. In the absence of O2 and O3, the UV light penetrated in far greater strength than it does now. Today, we have an atmosphere rich in oxygen and an ozone that p ...
... differ from what is found today. Prebiotic earth had an atmosphere that lacked oxygen, but was rich in H2, N2, CO2, H2O, and sulfurous gases. In the absence of O2 and O3, the UV light penetrated in far greater strength than it does now. Today, we have an atmosphere rich in oxygen and an ozone that p ...
PROVISIONAL GUIDANCE ON USE OF CHEMICAL CATEGORIES
... Prior to the establishment of Einecs and other inventories of chemicals on the market, it was often impossible to develop comprehensive lists of the compounds covered by these group entries. In some cases (e.g. the proposals for a group entry for inorganic nickel compounds proposed by Norway and for ...
... Prior to the establishment of Einecs and other inventories of chemicals on the market, it was often impossible to develop comprehensive lists of the compounds covered by these group entries. In some cases (e.g. the proposals for a group entry for inorganic nickel compounds proposed by Norway and for ...
University of Groningen Citrate driven transamination for
... cometabolized with carbohydrates, f.i. with lactose that is present in milk at concentrations up to 5 g/L (14 mM) (74). Under normal conditions where sugars are not limiting and oxygen is confined, one molecule of glucose derived from lactose, is fermented to two molecules of L-lactic acid (homoferm ...
... cometabolized with carbohydrates, f.i. with lactose that is present in milk at concentrations up to 5 g/L (14 mM) (74). Under normal conditions where sugars are not limiting and oxygen is confined, one molecule of glucose derived from lactose, is fermented to two molecules of L-lactic acid (homoferm ...
Creatine A Complete Users Guide
... was highly culpable. On a scale of 1-10 it was 8." The Commerce Commission investigated claims that Muscle Marketing USA was making false representations in promotional material and labelling regarding the quantity of creatine in its ATP Advantage Creatine Serum product and the benefits that people ...
... was highly culpable. On a scale of 1-10 it was 8." The Commerce Commission investigated claims that Muscle Marketing USA was making false representations in promotional material and labelling regarding the quantity of creatine in its ATP Advantage Creatine Serum product and the benefits that people ...
Amphiphilic Sugar Metal Carbenes
... hydrogenation while K. B. Sharpless3 got the other half price for his work on catalysed chiral oxidation reactions. In 2005 Y. Chauvin,4 R. R. Schrock5 and R. H. Grubbs6 received the Nobel price for their work on the methatesis reaction methodology. This reaction involves a metal carbene and an olef ...
... hydrogenation while K. B. Sharpless3 got the other half price for his work on catalysed chiral oxidation reactions. In 2005 Y. Chauvin,4 R. R. Schrock5 and R. H. Grubbs6 received the Nobel price for their work on the methatesis reaction methodology. This reaction involves a metal carbene and an olef ...
chapter 4 types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
... These are not full charges as in ionic compounds but are charges much smaller in magnitude. Water is a polar molecule and dissolves other polar solutes readily. The oxygen end of water (the partial negative end of the polar water molecule) aligns with the partial positive end of the polar solute, wh ...
... These are not full charges as in ionic compounds but are charges much smaller in magnitude. Water is a polar molecule and dissolves other polar solutes readily. The oxygen end of water (the partial negative end of the polar water molecule) aligns with the partial positive end of the polar solute, wh ...
Evidence of separate pathways for lactate uptake and release by the
... compartmentalized, consisting of separate pathways for glycolytic production of lactate and uptake of exogenous lactate. Specifically, we reasoned that if lactate efflux reflects glycolysis in the same cells that are oxidizing lactate, the addition of another oxidizable substrate such as fatty acids ...
... compartmentalized, consisting of separate pathways for glycolytic production of lactate and uptake of exogenous lactate. Specifically, we reasoned that if lactate efflux reflects glycolysis in the same cells that are oxidizing lactate, the addition of another oxidizable substrate such as fatty acids ...
Science Bowl Chemistry Questions
... CHEM-91; Short Answer: Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1911 for the discovery of the radioactive elements, radium and polonium? ANSWER: D -- MARIE CURIE CHEM-91; Multiple Choice: Which of the following pairs of German scientists discovered the atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuc ...
... CHEM-91; Short Answer: Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1911 for the discovery of the radioactive elements, radium and polonium? ANSWER: D -- MARIE CURIE CHEM-91; Multiple Choice: Which of the following pairs of German scientists discovered the atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuc ...
Non Flory-Schulz ethene oligomerization with titanium
... the rationalization of previous knowledge and theoretical background (when possible)5. ...
... the rationalization of previous knowledge and theoretical background (when possible)5. ...
Full-Text PDF
... and Kraft pulping with different types of biomass [47]. 4. Lignin Utilization in Nature In nature, lignin is utilized by specialized microorganisms encoding metabolic pathways that can break down components of lignin. Microorganisms that can break down lignin are able to use it as a carbon and energ ...
... and Kraft pulping with different types of biomass [47]. 4. Lignin Utilization in Nature In nature, lignin is utilized by specialized microorganisms encoding metabolic pathways that can break down components of lignin. Microorganisms that can break down lignin are able to use it as a carbon and energ ...
chapter 4 types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
... These are not full charges as in ionic compounds but are charges much smaller in magnitude. Water is a polar molecule and dissolves other polar solutes readily. The oxygen end of water (the partial negative end of the polar water molecule) aligns with the partial positive end of the polar solute, wh ...
... These are not full charges as in ionic compounds but are charges much smaller in magnitude. Water is a polar molecule and dissolves other polar solutes readily. The oxygen end of water (the partial negative end of the polar water molecule) aligns with the partial positive end of the polar solute, wh ...
Carnitine-Metabolism and Functions
... carnitine in different tissues (81,96,441). Because most tissues have a carnitine concentration that is >lO-fold higher than that of blood plasma, an active uptake of carnitine must take place; this uptake, however, must occur with widely varying rates. Brooks and McIntosh (81) have shown that the t ...
... carnitine in different tissues (81,96,441). Because most tissues have a carnitine concentration that is >lO-fold higher than that of blood plasma, an active uptake of carnitine must take place; this uptake, however, must occur with widely varying rates. Brooks and McIntosh (81) have shown that the t ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Wageningen UR E
... 1984b; Packman & Perham, 1987; Chuang, 1985;Hanemaaijer et al., 1987].From N- to Cterminus it contains two or three lipoyl domains (dependent on the type and source of the complex), an E1/E3 binding domain and a catalytic domain. NMR experiments indicate that the linker sequences are extended and hi ...
... 1984b; Packman & Perham, 1987; Chuang, 1985;Hanemaaijer et al., 1987].From N- to Cterminus it contains two or three lipoyl domains (dependent on the type and source of the complex), an E1/E3 binding domain and a catalytic domain. NMR experiments indicate that the linker sequences are extended and hi ...
REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... Since the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques allowing for the sequencing of entire genomes, researchers have identified and continue to discover many P450 enzymes in a wide variety of organisms. In order to systematically identify and categorize this growing family of enzymes, a lea ...
... Since the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques allowing for the sequencing of entire genomes, researchers have identified and continue to discover many P450 enzymes in a wide variety of organisms. In order to systematically identify and categorize this growing family of enzymes, a lea ...
Catabolism and biotechnological applications of cholesterol
... with a great relevance in biology, medicine and chemistry, playing an essential role as a structural component of animal cell membranes. The ubiquity of cholesterol in the environment has made it a reference biomarker for environmental pollution analysis and a common carbon source for different micr ...
... with a great relevance in biology, medicine and chemistry, playing an essential role as a structural component of animal cell membranes. The ubiquity of cholesterol in the environment has made it a reference biomarker for environmental pollution analysis and a common carbon source for different micr ...
Clusters: Structure, Energetics, and Dynamics of Intermediate States
... such as electrons, photons, fast atoms, and species in excited Rydberg states, to form cluster ions.65-69 Other important hybrid sources employing supersonic expansions to generate cluster ions include laser vaporization sources (which makes cluster ions as well as neutral clusters),41 pulsed arc di ...
... such as electrons, photons, fast atoms, and species in excited Rydberg states, to form cluster ions.65-69 Other important hybrid sources employing supersonic expansions to generate cluster ions include laser vaporization sources (which makes cluster ions as well as neutral clusters),41 pulsed arc di ...
Text S1: General Metabolism
... expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virulence-linked YfhKA two component system. Some differences in pathway constitution, s ...
... expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virulence-linked YfhKA two component system. Some differences in pathway constitution, s ...
Metabolic downregulation during diapause in embryos of Artemia
... exposure to environmental stresses that limit energy availability is largely related to the degree of metabolic depression achieved. In order to withstand such environmental challenges, it is crucial to depress both energy consuming and energy producing pathways. Otherwise it is possible that cellul ...
... exposure to environmental stresses that limit energy availability is largely related to the degree of metabolic depression achieved. In order to withstand such environmental challenges, it is crucial to depress both energy consuming and energy producing pathways. Otherwise it is possible that cellul ...
Role of the glutamine transaminase-m-amidase
... amply documented by Cooper & Meister (1977). In this pathway, glutamine is transaminated to yield different amino acids and 2-oxoglutaramate through the participation of a glutamine transaminase; subsequently, the 2oxoglutaramate is hydrolysed to 2-oxoglutarate and ammonium by the action of an cu-am ...
... amply documented by Cooper & Meister (1977). In this pathway, glutamine is transaminated to yield different amino acids and 2-oxoglutaramate through the participation of a glutamine transaminase; subsequently, the 2oxoglutaramate is hydrolysed to 2-oxoglutarate and ammonium by the action of an cu-am ...
Thiamine: an overview
... Thiamine is released by the action of phosphates and pyrophosphates in the upper small intestine. At low concentrations the process is carrier mediated and at higher concentrations, absorption occurs via passive diffusion. Active transport is greatest in the jejunum and ileum (it is inhibited by alc ...
... Thiamine is released by the action of phosphates and pyrophosphates in the upper small intestine. At low concentrations the process is carrier mediated and at higher concentrations, absorption occurs via passive diffusion. Active transport is greatest in the jejunum and ileum (it is inhibited by alc ...
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems
Evolution of Metal Ions in Biological Systems refers to the incorporation of metallic ions into living organisms and how it has changed over time. Metal ions have been associated with biological systems for billions of years, but only in the last century have scientists began to truly appreciate the scale of their influence. Major (iron, manganese, magnesium and zinc) and minor (copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten) metal ions have symbiotically aligned with living organisms and the associated complexes have evolved over time.