Download Chapter 7 Review List

Chapter 7 Review List
Define, describe, state the function, be able to identify, know the structure.
1. Organelles – (functions, identify on diagram, plant or animal, drawing optional, * what makes them
different)
 cell membrane – regulates what goes in and out, made of a phospholipid bilayer

cell wall – provides rigidity, structure, protection and support. In plants, made of cellulose.

nucleus* - double membrane bound organelle, controls cell activity, contains DNA (code for
protein)

nucleolus – makes ribosomes, contains RNA

chromatin – DNA (hereditary information) is usually in this form

chromosomes – DNA (hereditary information) condenses during cell division

mitochondria* - double membrane bound organelle, own DNA, converts food energy (glucose)
to chemical energy (ATP)

chloroplast* - double membrane bound organelle, own DNA, converts sunlight into stored
energy (glucose)

ribosome – non membrane bound organelle, protein synthesis, located in cytoplasm and RER

lysosomes – break down old organelles, digest material with enzymes

endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) – network of sacs that modify proteins and lipids

(add) golgi – network of sacs that modifies and packages proteins

vacuoles – stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

cytoskeleton – provides support for the cell, helps in cell movement (microtubules,
microfilaments, centrioles)
o centrioles – aid in cell division
o cilia – microtubules, hair like projections from cell membrane for movement
o flagella– microtubules, whip like projection for movement

contractile vacuole – pumps water out of the cell

central vacuole – stores water, helps in support
2. Plant
Both
Animal
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Central
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Centrioles
Microtubules
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
ER
Golgi
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Microfilament
Prokaryote
Both
Eukaryote
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Membrane
bound
organelles
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
DNA
Cell Wall
Before nucleus
Bacteria
Smaller
True Nucleus
Plants,
Animals,
Protists, Fungi
3. Cell Membrane (drawing, basic structure, function what types of materials can/cannot pass through)
o Phospholipid bilayer – hydrophilic head
(phosphate), hydrophobic tail (lipid).
o Proteins embedded to transport molecules,
Carbohydrates attached for cell signaling.
o Small, uncharged molecules diffuse easily. Large
or charged molecules need a protein for transport
in and out.
4. hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic – in reference to the solution a cell is in
 HYPERTONIC – “above strength,” more solute in solution compared to cell
 ISOTONIC – “same strength,” same solution concentration
 HYPOTONIC – “below strength, “ less solute in solution compared to cell
5. Osmosis (definition and examples: hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic; red blood cell vs. plant cell)
 The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
HYPERTONIC – water will move OUT of a cell when in a hypertonic solution
 Red blood cell – will shrink, plant cell will shrink
ISOTONIC – the movement of water will be BALANCED in an out of a cell. (ideal for cell)
 Red blood cell /plant – at homeostasis
HYPOTONIC – water will move INTO a cell when in a hypotonic solution
 Red blood cell – will burst, plant cell will be turgid
6. Equilibrium and molecular movement – when equilibrium is reached molecules continue to move, the
movement is balance both in and out of a cell
7.
ATP Energy
(yes/no)
Diffusion
Protein (yes/no)
Gradient
(high>low,
low>high)
NO
NO
High -> Low
NO
YES
High -> Low
YES
YES
Low -> High
YES
NO
NA
DEF: movement of molecules from
a high concentration to a low
concentration through a membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
DEF: movement of large/charge
molecules from high to low with the
help of a protein
Active Transport
DEF: movement of molecule
against the concentration gradient
Endocytosis/Exocytosis
DEF: taking in or releasing of large
amounts of material
8. Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
2 types of endocytosis:
Phagocytosis – cell eating
Pinocytosis – cell drinking
Picture
See handout
9. Microscope Use (major parts, focusing, field of view, calculating magnification)
Low Power: larger field of view, coarse adjustment knob
High Power: smaller field of view, only the center of the field of view is seen, fine
adjustment knob
 Calculating Magnification: Eyepiece is 20X. Objective is 50X: 20x x 50x = 1000x
 Estimating Size: take given field of view size, count the number of cells, divide
field of view size by number of cells
10. Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow (contributions to cell theory)





Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
Schwann: all animals are made of cells
Virchow: all cells come from existing cells
11. Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek (contributions to knowledge of the cell)


Hooke: observed cork under a compound light microscope – coined the term “cell”
van Leeuwenhoek: observed water and noticed small living things in the water
12. Multicellular Organisms (organization: cell > tissue > organ > organ system, variety and specialization
of cells)
cell:
fundamental unit of life
tissue:
group of cells performing same function
organ: group of tissue working together to function
organ system: organs working together to function
ex.
ex.
ex.
ex.
muscle cell
smooth muscle tissue
heart
cardio vascular system
Cells are specialized (make certain proteins) in multicellular organisms to perform specific
functions to help the organism maintain homeostasis.