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Transcript
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 3 Mr. Scott 3-1 Cell Theory The discovery of the cell • Early Microscope Robert • Anton • Hooke van Leeuwenhoek • The cell theory 3-1 Cell Theory All living things are ______________ Cells are the • Cells Exploring the cell 3-1 Cell Theory • Fluorescent labels • Confocal Light microscopy Three dimensional picture • High resolution video 3-1 Cell Theory Cell movies Watch cells grow, divide, and develop • Electron Microscope 3-1 Cell Theory TEM • Cell structures and proteins SEM • Three dimensional images of cells 3-1 Cell Theory • Scanning probe microscope 3-1 Cell Theory Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Characteristics _____________ Cell micrometers membrane Contain ___________________ Prokaryotes 3-1 Cell Theory • Cells that ____________________________________ Usually smaller than _________________ cells complicated All _____________________ cells are prokaryotic Less Eukaryotes 3-1 Cell Theory • Cells that ________________________________ Usually _________________ than prokaryotic cells complex Multicellular or unicellular More Cell Factory • Organelles 3-2 Cell Organelles • Cytoplasm The fluid between the ______________________________ Organelles live in the cytoplasm 3-2 Cell Organelles Nucleus – Most of the cell’s genetic information is stored here • Chromatin – • Chromosome – Nuclear envelope - covers the nucleus Nucleolus – ribosome’s are made here 3-2 Cell Organelles Ribosomes – protein synthesis • • Distributed throughout the cell 3-2 Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum – Rough E.R. – Smooth E.R. – Golgi Apparatus – Lysosomes – 3-2 Cell Organelles 3-2 Cell Organelles 3-2 Cell Organelles Vacoules • Saclike structure that is __________________________ Plant cells have a big vacuole that just holds water 3-2 Cell Organelles Energy Organelles • Mitochondrion – ATP – adenosine triphosphate • • Chloroplast – Organelle DNA Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have their own DNA Cell Locomotion Parts 3-2 Cell Organelles • Microvilli – (present in some cells) small hair like projections • Cilia – hairlike structures • Flagella – tail 3-2 Cell Organelles Cytoskeleton give the cell ____________________________ 3-3 Cell Membrane _________________ – a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell’s contents from the environment 5 to 10 nm thick Phospholipid bilayer– two layers of lipid (made from glycerol), two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Head Tail Cell membranes are fluid Cell Wall 3-3 Cell Membrane • Rigid layer of protection _______________of the cell membrane • Present in __________________________________________ • Diffusion 3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis Equilibrium • When the concentration of the solute is the _____________________ 3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion through cell boundaries • Measuring Concentration Cytoplasm is a solution mainly of water Concentration • • Mass/volume (g/L) Osmosis 3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis • The diffusion of _____________ through a selectively permeable membrane • How does it work? 3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis Isotonic • Hypertonic • Hypotonic • 3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis • Osmotic Pressure Osmosis exerts a pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane 3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis Facilitated diffusion • A ________________ that helps a specific molecule to diffuse into a cell 3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis Active transport • Moving molecules ____________________________________ • Molecular transport __________________ the membrane to move small molecules or ions across 3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis • Endocytosis _________________________ the cell by means of infolding Phagocytosis • Cell eating Pinocytosis • Taking in ________________________ • Exocytosis _________________ material from the cell by the opposite process of endocytosis The Diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular organisms • Single celled organism The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular organisms • Organisms that are made of more than one cell • Cell specialization Cells develop in different ways so that they can perform different tasks The Diversity of Cellular Life • Specialized animal cells Red blood cells • Contains a special protein that binds to oxygen The Diversity of Cellular Life • Specialized plant cells Stomata • Cells that exchange _________________________________ Guard cells • Control ______________ by monitoring the plants internal conditions The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of organization • Tissues A group _______________ that provide the ____________________ Muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective tissue • Organs Several The Diversity of Cellular Life ____________ working together form an organ • Organ systems A group of ________________ that work together to provide a specific function