Download Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3
Mr. Scott
3-1 Cell Theory
 The discovery of the cell
• Early Microscope
 Robert
•
 Anton
•
Hooke
van Leeuwenhoek
• The cell theory
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3-1 Cell Theory
All living things are ______________
Cells are the
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• Cells
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 Exploring the cell
3-1 Cell Theory
• Fluorescent labels
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• Confocal Light microscopy
 Three
dimensional picture
• High resolution video
3-1 Cell Theory
 Cell
movies
 Watch cells grow, divide, and develop
• Electron Microscope
3-1 Cell Theory
 TEM
• Cell structures and proteins
 SEM • Three dimensional images of cells
3-1 Cell Theory
• Scanning probe microscope
3-1 Cell Theory
 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
• Characteristics
 _____________
 Cell
micrometers
membrane
 Contain ___________________
 Prokaryotes
3-1 Cell Theory
• Cells that ____________________________________
 Usually
smaller than _________________ cells
complicated
 All _____________________ cells are prokaryotic
 Less
 Eukaryotes
3-1 Cell Theory
• Cells that ________________________________
 Usually
_________________ than prokaryotic cells
complex
 Multicellular or unicellular
 More
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Cell Factory
• Organelles
3-2 Cell Organelles
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• Cytoplasm
The fluid between the ______________________________
 Organelles live in the cytoplasm
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3-2 Cell Organelles
Nucleus –
 Most of the cell’s genetic information is stored here
• Chromatin –
• Chromosome –
 Nuclear envelope - covers the nucleus
 Nucleolus – ribosome’s are made here
3-2 Cell Organelles
 Ribosomes – protein synthesis
•
• Distributed throughout the cell

3-2 Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum –
Rough E.R. –
 Smooth E.R. –
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 Golgi Apparatus –
 Lysosomes –
3-2 Cell Organelles
3-2 Cell Organelles
3-2 Cell Organelles
 Vacoules
• Saclike structure that is __________________________
 Plant

cells have a big vacuole that just holds water
3-2 Cell Organelles
Energy Organelles
• Mitochondrion –
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ATP – adenosine triphosphate
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•
•
Chloroplast –
Organelle DNA

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have their own DNA
 Cell Locomotion Parts
3-2 Cell Organelles
• Microvilli – (present in some cells) small hair like projections
• Cilia – hairlike structures
• Flagella – tail
3-2 Cell Organelles
 Cytoskeleton give the cell ____________________________
3-3 Cell Membrane
_________________ – a thin layer of lipid and protein that
separates the cell’s contents from the environment
5 to 10 nm thick
Phospholipid bilayer– two layers of lipid (made from glycerol), two
fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Head Tail Cell membranes are fluid
 Cell Wall
3-3 Cell Membrane
• Rigid layer of protection _______________of the cell membrane
• Present in __________________________________________
• Diffusion
3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis

 Equilibrium
• When the concentration of the solute is the
_____________________
3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis
 Diffusion through cell boundaries
• Measuring Concentration
 Cytoplasm
is a solution mainly of water
 Concentration
•
• Mass/volume (g/L)
 Osmosis
3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis
• The diffusion of _____________ through a selectively permeable
membrane
• How does it work?
3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis
 Isotonic
•
 Hypertonic
•
 Hypotonic
•
3-4 Diffusion and Osmosis
• Osmotic Pressure
 Osmosis
exerts a pressure on the hypertonic side of a
selectively permeable membrane
3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
 Facilitated diffusion
• A ________________ that helps a specific molecule to diffuse
into a cell
3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
 Active transport
• Moving molecules ____________________________________
• Molecular transport
 __________________
the membrane
to move small molecules or ions across
3-5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
 _________________________ the cell by means of infolding
 Phagocytosis
• Cell eating
 Pinocytosis
• Taking in ________________________
• Exocytosis
 _________________ material from the cell by the opposite
process of endocytosis
The Diversity of Cellular Life
 Unicellular organisms
• Single celled organism
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The Diversity of Cellular Life
Multicellular organisms
• Organisms that are made of more than one cell
• Cell specialization
 Cells develop in different ways so that they can perform
different tasks
The Diversity of Cellular Life
• Specialized animal cells
 Red
blood cells
• Contains a special protein that binds to oxygen
The Diversity of Cellular Life
• Specialized plant cells
 Stomata
• Cells that exchange
_________________________________
 Guard cells
• Control ______________ by monitoring the plants internal
conditions
The Diversity of Cellular Life
 Levels of organization
• Tissues
A
group _______________ that provide the
____________________
 Muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective tissue
• Organs
 Several
The Diversity of Cellular Life
____________ working together form an organ
• Organ systems
A
group of ________________ that work together to provide a
specific function