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AP Biology Study Guide for Ch. 6 (Tour of the Cell) & Ch. 7
(Membrane Structure and Function):
September 2013
We are finally finished with the oh-so-exciting world of chemistry (and biochemistry and
organic chemistry). Hooray! Now we finally get to study living things, starting with the basic
unit of life: CELLS. Chapter 6 takes you through the structures and functions of all the parts of
cells. You need to memorize the names, structures, and functions of ALL of these parts!
Chapter 7 focuses in on the cell membrane and goes into more detail about how this part of the
cell functions to control what enters and leaves a cell (= “selective permeability”).
The good news is that if you were paying attention in Biology I, this should all be review!
I. SCHEDULE 2013 for Chapters 6 & 7
Monday (9/30)
Tues
*Go over Ch. 6 & 7
*Work on Cell
Study Guide
Sketching Project
*Assign Cell Sketching
Project
Wed
*Reading Quiz Ch. 6
*Lecture Ch. 7
Fri
*Go over Reading Quiz
*Lecture Ch. 7
*Assign Pre-lab #4Diffusion and Osmosis
Fri
*Finish Inv. 4-Diffusion
& Osmosis—Assign
Write-up (Due Fri 10/18)
*Lecture Ch. 7
*Assign FRQ
Fri
Monday (10/7)
*Lecture Ch. 7
Tues
*Investigation 4Diffusion & Osmosis
(Pre-lab DUE!)
Wed
*Investigation 4Diffusion & Osmosis
Mon (10/14)
*Finish Ch. 7
Tues
*TEST Chapters 6 & 7
*PACKET DUE,
*Flashcards due
*FRQ due
*Download Ch. 8, 9,
& 10 Study Guide
and Reading Guides
Wed
II. KEEP IN MIND
1. You must MEMORIZE the cell structures and functions in Chapter 6.
2. You should ALWAYS do the Concept Checks at the end of each section in the textbook and the
Self Quizzes at the end of the Chapter and check your answers. You will get higher test scores
if you do this! Don’t forget to use the website (www.campbellbiology.com, too! There’s so
much great stuff on there to help you learn!
III. KEY VOCABULARY Chapter 6
magnification
light microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
organelles
prokaryotic cells
nucleoli
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
lysosomes
mitochondria
plastids
cytoplasm
grana
microfilaments
myosin
microtubules
basal bodies
cilia
resolving power
Transmission Electron Microscope
cell fractionation
nucleus
eukaryotic cells
nuclear membrane
cytosol
Golgi apparatus
peroxisomes
intermembrane space
chloroplasts
thylakoids
vacuoles
actin
cytoskeleton
centrioles
flagella
endosymbiotic hypothesis
IV. LEARNING TARGETS Chapter 6
6.1. For each of the organelles listed below, describe its structure; give a major function; indicate whether it is
surrounded by a single membrane, a double membrane, or no membrane; and state whether it is found in plant,
animal, or bacterial cells (a well-designed table is acceptable).
nucleus
nucleolus
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
mitochondria
lysosome
plastids
vacuole
microtubules
microfilaments
Golgi apparatus
centriole
basal bodies
cilia and flagella
6.2. Discuss four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (Hint: see table 27.2)
6.3. Describe the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of the eukaryotic cells and give three lines of evidence
for the validity of this hypothesis. (Hint: see pages 523-525)
6.4. Describe the components of the "endomembrane system.” List one example of how these components
function together as a unit.
6.5. Describe the structure and role of the cytoskeleton.
6.6. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella and how these structures allow for cell movement.
6.7. Describe the various types of cell junctions in both plant and animal cells.
V. KEY VOCABULARY Chapter 7
diffusion
selectively permeable
osmotic potential
hypotonic
plasma membrane
permease
facilitated diffusion
electrochemical gradient
membrane pump
sodium-potassium pump
phagocytosis
pseudopodia
water potential
osmosis
osmotic concentration
hypertonic
isotonic
fluid-mosaic model
membrane channel
electrostatic gradient
receptor
active transport
endocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
VI. LEARNING TARGETS Chapter 7
7.1. Describe the process of osmosis and explain the relationship between osmosis and diffusion. How is the
net movement of water through a membrane in osmosis related to the concentration of solute molecules?
7.2. Define the terms hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. Explain what would happen to an animal cell and a
plant cell placed in a hypertonic medium and to an animal cell and a plant cell placed in a hypotonic
medium.
7.3. Construct a diagram and describe the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane. In your description, point
out the phospholipid molecules, and indicate the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions; point out the
proteins that span the interior of the membrane and those that are confined to the surface; indicate the role
of the cholesterol molecules, and explain why lateral movement of molecules within the membrane is
possible. List substances to which the membrane is relatively permeable, and those to which it is relatively
impermeable.
7.4. Describe the role that proteins (permeases) play in moving material through membranes.
7.5. Construct a diagram and explain how an electrochemical gradient can be generated across a membrane
and what is meant by an electrochemical gradient.
7.6. Distinguish between simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Indicate the role of these
processes in the life of the cell.
7.7. Using diagrams, describe the processes of endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis,
explaining the role of these processes in transporting substances into and out of the cell.
7.8. Explain the concept of water potential and its importance to plant cells.
7.9. Read pages 92 & 93, “An Interview with Peter Agre.” What was his discovery and what does it have to do
with the subject matter of Chapter 7?