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Name _______________________________________________________ Study Guide: Modern Genetics Date _______________________ Directions: Complete the guide below by either entering the missing vocabulary term(s) or the description. multiple alleles Three or more forms of a single gene (The ABO blood group gene has multiple alleles.) Traits produced by multiple genes acting together (Eye color, hair color, and height are examples of polygenetic traits.) What factors might influence the expression of a gene? These are the sex chromosomes. Among other things they code for the production of hormones that make males - males and females – females. In humans the sex chromosomes are the 23rd pair. What are the sex chromosomes for a male? What are the sex chromosomes for a female? 1 What is a sex-linked trait? What is special about a pedigree chart used by geneticists? What is a genetic disorder? Can genetic disorders be inherited? What is amniocentesis? During amniocentesis a small amount of fluid (amniotic fluid) from around the developing fetus is extracted using a syringe. Fetal cells from the fluid are analyzed to see if there are any chromosomal abnormalities. 2 A tool used by geneticists to discover genetic disorders. A sample of genetic material is taken from a white blood cell. The chromosomes are isolated, organized in pairs, photographed and studied. They help couples understand their chances of having a child with a genetic disorder. What is selective breeding? Why has selective breeding been practiced by farmers and animal breeders? A technique used to produce an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. Involves removing a nucleus from an egg cell, replacing it with the nucleus of the organism to be cloned, and placing the egg cell with its new nucleus into a compatible or the same female for gestation. What is the procedure for cloning an organism? What is genetic engineering? 3 How is genetic engineering used? What is gene therapy? Involves extracting DNA from bodily fluids, hair, and/or skin and using it to create a pattern of images of DNA sequences that are unique to every individual except for identical twins. Why is DNA fingerprinting used? Used to identify the DNA sequence of every gene on every chromosome in a human cell (a genome). What was the importance of sequencing the genes in a human genome? 4 5