Download Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Name: __________________________
Review Sheet--Protein Synthesis
Objective 1: List the 3 main parts of a nucleotide and label them on a diagram.
 In DNA, the % of A always equals the % of _____ and the % of G always equals the % of _____.

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide? Draw a picture and label each part.
a.
b.
c.

The sugar in DNA is _____________________. The sugar in RNA is ____________________.

For each of the following, tell whether it would be found in DNA, RNA or both.
________ Phosphate
_____ uracil
______adenine ______ guanine ______ cytosine _____ thymine
_______ ribose _________deoxyribose.
Objective 2: Explain the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes.
 For each pair of words below write a sentence explaining how they are related.
o DNA and gene
o
DNA and chromosome
o
Chromosome and gene
Objective 3: Explain how nucleotides are arranged in DNA and RNA.
 If DNA is a ladder, where are sugars and phosphates located? Nitrogen bases?
 DNA is double stranded, but RNA is ___________________________
Objective 4: Relate the structure of DNA to its function in carrying genetic information.
 How does DNA carry genetic information?
 Genes contain the instructions for making or assembling ____________________.
Objective 5: Compare and contrast DNA and RNA structure and
function.
 Use the Venn diagram at the right to compare DNA & RNA.
Include 2 similarities and 2 differences.

Which type of RNA…..
o Carries the information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm? _________
o Acts as a carrier for amino acids? __________
o Make up ribosomes? ____________
Objective 6: Explain the relationship between amino acids, polypeptides and proteins.
 Use the words “amino acids, polypeptides and proteins” to fill in the sentence below.
A ________________ is a 3D folded structure made up of many _______________________ that are joined
together in a long chain called a _________________________.
Objective 7: Describe the purpose and location of transcription
 What is made during transcription? _______________________

Why does transcription need to occur?
Name: __________________________
Review Sheet--Protein Synthesis

Where in the cell does transcription occur? ____________________
Objective 8: Describe and model the process of transcription.
 Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA: T A C G G A A T T T C C G G A A G T
Objective 9: Describe the purpose of translation.
 What is produced during translation?

Why are the substances produced during translation important?
Objective 10: Identify the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis.
 What is the job of the ribosome?
Objective 11: Describe the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesis.
Describe the importance of each of the following molecules during protein synthesis?
DNAmRNAtRNARibosomesObjective 12:Given a DNA sequence transcribe it into mRNA and determine the amino acid sequence that
will be produced during translation.
 Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA. Then translate it to determine the amino acid sequence
that will be produced (you will need your codon chart to do this).
DNA = T A C G G A A T T T C C G A A G T
mRNA =
AA =


Describe the job of each the following in protein synthesis:
o mRNA
o
tRNA
o
DNA
Use these words to label the diagram of protein synthesis to the right: mRNA,
polypeptide chain, amino acid, tRNA, DNA, ribosome
Objective 12: Explain how changes in DNA affect protein structure and evaluate
the significance of these changes.
Use this DNA sequence to answer the following questions:
ATAGCAGGCCATTAT

If the 4th nitrogen base were changed from G to C, what effect would this have
on the final protein produced (how many amino acids would be affected)?
What kind of mutation is this?

If the first letter of this DNA sequence was deleted, what affect would this have on the final protein
produced (how many amino acids would be affected)? What kind of mutation is this?
Be sure to review the process of DNA replication.
 Illustrate the process of DNA replication. Label the original and new strands of DNA in the final product.
Name: __________________________
Review Sheet--Protein Synthesis