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This table was originally taken from the website: http://www.uea.ac.uk/~b270/repair.htm, which was last modified in 2005. This version is from Dec. 2012. Please feel free to send me any updates/corrections- highlighted so that I can find them. The references are not complete- to get current references, search for the gene ID or go to TAIR. Human, E. coli or S. cerevisiae gene (synonyms) Activity Accession number of human, E. coli or S. cerevisiae gene Arabidopsis gene (synonyms) Comments Nucleotide excision repair 1. XPC 2. RAD23B (HR23B) 3. CETN2 4. RAD23A (HR23A) 5. XPA 6. RPA1 Binds damaged DNA as complex Binds damaged DNA as complex NM_004628 At5g16630 NM_002874 At1g16190 RAD23a At3g02540 At5g38470 RAD23c RAD23d At1g79650 RAD23b- mutant semisterile, altered phylotaxy Farmer et al. 2010 Plant Cell 22:124 Binds damaged DNA as complex Substitutes for HR23B Binds damaged DNA in preincision complex NM_004344 Binds DNA in preincision complex (70 kdal subunit of RPA complex) NM_ 002945 NM_005053 NM_000380 At3g50360 At4g37010 At1g79650 No significantly similar protein DNA replication, chiasma assembly, male gamete generation, male meiosis I, pollen At2g06510 (RPA1A, RPA70A) development, reciprocal meiotic recombination, sensitive to DNA damaging agents, induced by DNA damage (Takashi et al 2009 Plant Cell Phys., Chang et al. 2009 Plant Phys.) At4g19130 (RPA1E) At5g45400 (RPAC, RPA70C) At5g08020 (RPA1B, RPA70B) At5g61000 (RPA1D) 7. RPA2 8. RPA3 Binds DNA in preincision complex (medium subunit of RPA complex) Binds DNA in preincision complex (small subunit of RPA complex) NM_002946 At2g24490 At3g02920 NM_002947 At3g52630 At4g18590 1 TFIIH complex 9. XPB (ERCC3) 10. XPD (ERCC2) Catalyzes unwinding in preincision complex 3' to 5' DNA helicase top of table NM_000122 At5g41360 (AtXPB1) At5g41370 (AtXPB2) At1g03190 (UVH6/AtXPD) 5' to 3' DNA helicase X52221 11. GTF2H1 Core TFIIH subunit p62 NM_005316 12. GTF2H2 Core TFIIH subunit p44 Core TFIIH subunit p34 Core TFIIH subunit p52 Kinase subunit of TFIIH NM_001515 At3g61420 At1g55750 At1g55610 At1g05050 NM_001516 At1g18340 NM_001517 At4g17020 NM_001799 NM_001239 NM_002431 At4g30820 18. XPG (ERCC5) Kinase subunit of TFIIH Kinase subunit of TFIIH 3' incision At1g18040 At1g66750 At1g73690 At5g27620 NM_000123 At3g28030 (UVH3) 19. ERCC1 5' incision subunit NM_001983 20. XPF (ERCC4) 5' incision subunit NM_005236 DNA joining NM_000234 13. GTF2H3 14. GTF2H4 15. CDK7 16. CCNH 17. MNAT1 21. LIG1 AtXPB1 and AtXPB2: DNA sequences ~90% identical. Linked repeats. atxpb1 mutants: hypersensitive to MMS, UV-C and HOCl, developmentally delayed, low seed viability, loss of germination synchrony. Suggests NER is required for removal of lesions during seed storage, germination and early plant development (Costa et al., 2001) Gene isolation: Liu et al. (2003). uvh6-1 (missense) mutants are more sensitive to UV-B and UVC (Harlow et al., 1994), small and yellow and have a partial defect in the repair of 6-4 photoproducts (Jenkins et al., 1997; Liu et al. 2003). T-DNA insertion mutants exhibit recessive lethality (Liu et al., 2003). Gene expressed in all tissues examined (Liu et al., 2003) At3g61420 and are At1g55750 >80% identical at nt level Identification of mutant: Jenkins et al., (1995). Gene isolation: Liu et al. (2001). Mutation confers sensitivity to UV-C, continuous light, H2O2 and ionising radiation and exhibits early senescence and reduced seed yield. Expressed in all tissues examined Identification of mutant: Jiang et al. (1997), Hefner et al. (2003). Gene isolation: Hefner et al. At3g05210 (UVR7/AtERCC1) (2003). Mutants are sensitive to gamma radiation (unlike human homolog), MMC, UV-B, MMS (slightly) and exhibit 'gamma plantlet' response: irradiated seed germinate normally but the production of first true leaves is substantially delayed. Like atrad1 mutants, atercc1 mutants exhibit defective recombination (Dubest et al., 2004) Identification of mutant: Harlow et al. (1994). Gene isolation: Gallego et al. (2000) Liu et al. At5g41150 (AtRAD1/UVH1) (2000) Fidantsef et al. (2000). Gene expressed in all tissues examined. Mutants are sensitive to ionising radiation, MMC, UV-B and UV-C. Mutants exhibit greatly reduced homologous recombination in the presence of non-homologous overhangs (Dubest et al., 2002). atrad1 mutants exhibit 'gamma plantlet' response: irradiated seed germinate normally but the production of first true leaves is substantially delayed (Harlow et al., 1994; Jiang et al., 1997; Hefner et al., 2003). AtLIGI: Taylor et al. (1998). Complements yeast cdc9 mutant. Expression induced by UV-B (West At1g08130 et al., 2000), KO lethal (Waterworth et al. BMC Plant Biology 2009, 9:79 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-79) (AtLIGI) Required maternally for endosperm development probably through repair of breaks induced by DME (Andreuzza et al Development 2010) Functions in BER: required for completion of repair of uracil and abasic sites (Cordoba-Cañero, et al, 2011, Plant J 68, 693-702). 22. POLD1 23. POLE1 24. PCNA NER and MMR pol NER and MMR pol Sliding clamp for pol delta and pol NM_002691 NM_006231 At5g63960 At2g27120 NM_002592 At1g08260 At2g29570 “TILTED1” Pol epsilon catalytic subunit- mild defects affect development and cell cycle progression, lethal with atr KO (Jenik etal. 2005 Plant Cell) “EarlyinShortDays7” also Pl eps. Cat. Subunit KO lethal, early flowering in weak allele Olmo et al 2009 Plant J PCNA2 interacts with pol eta to perform translesion synthesis in vitro (Kunz 2008 Plant Signaling and Behavior) 2 epsilon 25. UvrD - E. coli 26. RAD16 - S. cerevisiae Excision helicase Repair of silent DNA CAA25043.1 P31244 At1g07370 At4g25120 At1g02670 PCNA1 top of table NER-related 27. CSA (CKN1) 28. CSB (ERCC6, scRAD26) 30. DDB1 31. DDB2 32. MMS19 33. Mfd - E. coli DNA glycosylases Cockayne syndrome; needed for transcriptioncoupled NER, Cockayne syndrome; needed for transcriptioncoupled NER, chromatin remodeling, SNF2like Complex defective in XP group E Mutated in XP group E Transcription and NER Recruits nuclease in transcriptioncoupled NER NM_000082 At1g27840 NM_000124 At1g19750 At5g63950 (CHR24) (Okasabe et al. 2006 Plant J.) NM_001923 NM_000107 At5g58760 UV-induced, reduced expression leads to UV sensitivity (Biedermann and Hellman 2010 Plant J) AW852889 At5g48120 P30958 At3g02060 Major altered base released Cul4 RING ubiquitin ligase complex, involved in many aspects of development and photomorphogenesis, response to UV, Molinier et al 2008 PLoS Genet 4(6): e1000093. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000093 top of table U NM_003362 At3g18630 35. SMUG1 U NM_014311 NM_003925 38. OGG1 U or T opposite G at CpG sequences U, T or ethenoC opposite G 8-oxoG opposite C No significantly similar protein At3g07930 NM_002542 No significantly similar protein At1g21710 39. MYH A opposite 8-oxoG NM_012222 At4g12740 37. TDG Putative chromatin remodeling factors, gamma- and UV-sensitive (Shaked 2006) At2g18760 (CHR8, aka RAD26) At4g05420 34. UNG 36. MBD4 Zhang et al. 2010, UV-S, MMS-S, aka CSAat1A, uvs90, Biedermann et al. 2010, assembles w’ DDB1 and CUL4, mutant UV repair defective aka CSA1, CSAat1B, NM_003211 Required for BER of uracil in Arabidopsis cell extracts; ung mutants exposed to 5-FU accumulate uracil in their DNA (Córdoba-Cañero, et al., 2010, J Biol Chem 285, 7475-7483). Exhibits in vitro 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase/lyase activity (Garcia-Ortiz, et al., 2001, Plant Mol Biol 47, 795-804) (Dany and Tissier, 2001, Mol Genet Genomics 265, 293-301). 3 40. NTH1 Ring-saturated/ fragmented pyr NM_002528 41. MPG NM_002434 42. Fpg - E. coli 3-meA, ethenoA, hypoxanthine 8-oxoG 43. TagI - E. coli 3-MeA CAA27472.1 44. Mag1p - S. cerevisiae 3-MeA NP_011069.1 AP endonuclease NM_001641 NP_418092 At2g31450 (AtNTH1) At1g05900 At3g12040 (MAG) At1g52500 AtNTH1: Roldan-Arjona et al. (2000). Exhibits in vitro DNA glycosylase apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activities Santerre and Britt (1994). Complements MMS sensitivity of E. coli 3-methyladenine glycosylase mutants Exhibits in vitro 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase/lyase activity (Ohtsubo et al., 1998, Mol Gen Genet 259, 577-590). At5g44680 At3g12710 At1g15970 At1g75090 At5g57970 At1g80850 At1g75230 At3g50880 Other BER factors 45. APE1 (HAP1, APEX, REF1) At2g41460 (Arp) At3g48425 (Ape1L) 46. APE2 47. ROS1 (plant specific) Arp: Babiychuk et al. (1994). Exhibits in vitro apurinic/apyrimidinic class II endonuclease activity, Reduced human fos and jun in vitro, required (redundantly) for embryonic development, base excision repair in chloroplasts, …. Arp: Required for BER of uracil and abasic sites. Mutants are sensitive to 5-FU (Cordoba-Cañero, et atl, 2011, Plant J 68, 693-702. Ape1L: Combined KO of Ape1L and Ape2 is lethal (Murphy et al., 2009, PLoS ONE 4, e4297). Combined KO of Ape1L and Ape2 is lethal (Murphy et al., 2009, PLoS ONE 4, e4297). AP endonuclease 5-meC, T NM_014481 Plant specific At4g36050 At2g36490 5-meC, T Plant specific At5g04560 These atypical DNA glycosylases remove not only 5-meC but also thymine mismatched to guanine ,with a preference for a CpG context (Morales-Ruiz et al., 2006; Ortega-Galisteo et al., 2008), therefore, they may also play a role in BER of DNA damage caused by spontaneous 5-meC deamination. “ 5-meC, T Plant specific At3g10010 “ 5-meC, T Plant specific At4g34060 “ Both lig1 and exo/endo-like domains DNA 3´-phosphatase 5´-kinase Plant specific At1g66730 Bonatto et al 2005 (Functional Plant Biology). Involved in repair and seed germination/longevity (Waterworth WM, et al. Plant J, 2010 Sep. PMID 20584150.) Role in repair of Ac excision sites (Huefner NM_007254 At3G14890 (ZDP) 53. . XRCC1 Interacts with PARP, LIG3 (not in plants), and PolBeta (not in plants) NM_006297 At1g80420 54. ADPRT Protects strand interruptions NM_001618 At2g31320 (AtPARP1) At5g22470 48. DME (plant specific) 49. DML2 (plant specific) 50. DML3 (plant specific) 51. . LIG6 (move to dsb repair?) 52. PNKP et al 2011 DNA Repair). Exhibits DNA 3´phosphatase but no kinase activity (Petrucco et al., 2002, J Biol Chem 277, 23675-23683). Functions in active DNA demethylation: by removing the blocking 3´-P generated by ROS1 after 5-meC excision; zdp mutants display an altered DNA methylation landscape; they are also sensitive to MMS, suggesting a role of ZDP in BER (Martinez-Macias, et al., 2012, Mol Cell 45, 357-370). top of table AtPARP1: expression induced by ionizing radiation (Doucet-Chabeaud et al., 2001); this induction requires AtATM (it is abolished in an atatm mutant; Garcia et al., 2003) 4 55. ADPRTL2 PARP-like enzyme NM_005485 At4g02390 56. ADPRTL3 PARP-like enzyme AF085734 At4g02390 (AtPARP2/APP) more similar to ADPRL3 Doucet-Chabeaud et al. (2001). Expression induced by ionising radiation Mismatch repair 57. MSH2 Mismatch and loop recognition 58. MSH1 Localized to mitochondria Mismatch and loop recognition Mismatch recognition MutS homolog specialized for meiosis MutS homolog specialized for meiosis Plant-specific homolog of AtMSH6 Mitochondrial MutL homolog 59. MSH3 60. MSH6 61. MSH4 62. MSH5 63. MSH7 64. PMS1 NM_000251 At3g18524 (AtMSH2) NM_002440 At5g54090 At1g65070 At3g24320 (CHM1, MSH1) At4g25540 (AtMSH3) At4g02070 (AtMSH6-1) At4g17380 NM_002441 At3g20475 NM_002439 NM_000179 NM_000534 65. MLH1 MutL homolog NM_000249 66. PMS2 67. MLH3 MutL homolog MutL homolog of unknown function NM_000535 NM_014381 AtMSH2:Ade et al. (1999) & Culligan and Hays (1997): identified as homolog; overexpression leads to mutator phenotype in E. coli (Ade et al., 2001). atmsh2 mutants exhibit increased microsatellite (dinucleotide repeat) instability (Leonard et al., 2003) Meiotic mutant phenotype described in Emmanuel et al. 2006 Required for mitochondrial genome stability Abdelnoor 2003 PNAS Ade et al. (1999): identified as homolog Ade et al. (1999): identified as homolog At3g24495 Culligan and Hays, 2000 At4g02460 (AtPMS1) At4g35520 At4g09140 (AtMLH1) At4g02460 At4g35520 Identified as an ortholog of yeast PMS1 by Alou et al. (2004) , role in stabilization of microsatellites Expressed in flowers and cell cultures; induced by gamma irradiation and during mitotic S-phase (Doutriaux et al., 1998). Mutant plants exhibit normal vegetative growth but defective male and female meioses and are completely sterile (Li et al., 2004) top of table MMC-s (Bleuyard2005) Mutant defective in Meiosis , MMC-s (Bleuyard2005) Involved in both transcription and recombination during he defense response (Durrant et al. 2007, PNAS) Klimyuk and Jones (1997): meiosis specific expression. Expressed in flowers and cell cultures; induced during mitotic S-phase (Doutriaux et al., 1998) and in restrictio of homeologous somatic recombination (Liangliang et al 2008 PMB) Jean et al. (1999): identified as homolog At4g35520 more similar to PMS1. At4g02460 more similar to PMS2L3 Homologous recombination 68. RAD51 69. RAD51L1 (RAD51B) 70. RAD51C 71. RAD51L3 (RAD51D) 72. DMC1 73. RecA – E. coli 74. RecG – E. coli Homologous pairing NM_002875 At5g20850 (AtRAD51) Rad51 homolog U84138 At2g28560 Rad51 homolog Rad51 homolog NM_002876 NM_002878 At2g45280 At1g07745 Rad51 homolog, meiosis DNA strand exchange NM_007068 At3g22880 (AtDMC1) At2g19490 At1g79050 At3g10140 At3g32920 Resolvase BAA16561.1 CAA42123.1 At2g01440 No known function in Arabidopsis 5 75. XRCC2 DNA break and cross-link repair DNA break and cross-link repair Accessory factor for DNA break and cross-link repair and homologous recombination DNA break and cross-link repair and homologous recombination Accessory factor for transcription and recombination NM_005431 At5g64520 MMC-s, not IR sensitive, Bleuyard 2005 NM_005432 At5g57450 Mutant defective in meiosis (Bleuyard2005) NM_002879 At1g71310 At5g47870 The two genes have splice variants that are targeted to different compartments Samach et al 2011 Plant Cell 23:4266 At3g19210 NM_007295 At4g21070 (AtBRCA1) At1g04020 (BCD5) 80. BRCA2 Cooperation with RAD51, essential function NM_000059 81. BRCC36 Deubiquitinase activity, member of several complexes At5g01630 (AtBRCA2(V)) At4g00020 (AtBRCA2(IV)) At1g80210 (AtBRCC36A) Member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of DNA-stimulated ATPases. Shaked et al. 2006 Osakabe et al. 2006 Klutstein et al. 2008 The BCD5 and AtBRCA1 encoded proteins are related to both BRCA1 and BARD1 and may be derived from an ancient progenitor of both. AtBRCA1 is expressed in all organs tested and transcript levels are increased (up to 800-fold) by ionizing radiation (Lafarge and Montane, 2003). AtBRCA1 exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (Stone et al., 2005). BRCA1 mutats are defective in somatic recombination and MMC sensitive (Block-Schmidt 2011) AtBRCA2(IV) and AtBRCA2(V) interact with AtRAD51 and AtDMC1. Plants in which both of the AtBRCA2 genes are silenced exhibit partial sterility and meiotic defects (including the absence of pairing, synapsis and bivalent formation, defects in anaphase I and II and chromosome fragmentation) these phenotypes were Spo11 dependent (Siaud et al., 2004) Epistatic to brca1 (Block-Schmidt etal., NAR, 2011) 76. XRCC3 77. RAD52 78. RAD54 79. BRCA1 82. RAD50 83. MRE11A 84. NBS1 ATPase in complex with MRE11A, NBS1 NM_005732 3' exonuclease NM_005590 Mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome At3g0680 (AtBRCC36B) At2g31970 (AtRad50) At5g54260 (AtMRE11) At3g02680 Some sensitivity to MMC (Block-Schmidt etal., NAR, 2011) AtRad50 is expressed in all tissues examined, with high transcript levels in tissues containing many dividing cells (Gallego et al., 2001). atrad50 mutants are sterile and hypersensitive to MMS (Gallego et al., 2001), and exhibit somatic hyper-recombination (Gherbi et al, 2001), progressive telomere shortening, and (in cell culture) enhanced cell death (Gallego and White, 2001). The AtRad50 protein interacts in planta with AtMRE11 (Daoudal-Cotterell et al., 2002) Identified as homologue: Hartung and Puchta (1999). atmre11 mutants exhibit developmental defects, including infertility, hypersensitivity to MMS and X-rays, lengthened telomeres, somatic chromosome instability and Spo11-dependent chromosome fragmentation during meiosis (Bundock and Hooykaas, 2002, Puizina et al., 2004). Protein interacts in planta with AtRad50 (Daoudal-Cotterell et al., 2002). Waterworth et al 2007 Plant J doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03220.x Interaction with yeast MRE11. Mutant exhibits sensitivity to MMS and MMC, enhances sterility of atm mutants. 6 85. ATM Ataxia telangiectasia 86. RECQ helicases involved in DNA repair and homologous recombination NM_000051 At3g48190 (AtATM) At3g05740 (RECQ1) At1g31360 (RECQ2) At4g35740 (RECQ3) At1g10930 (RECQ4A) At1g60930 (RECQ4B) At1g27880 (RECQ5) At5g27680 (RECQsim) At4g13870 (WRNexo) Garcia et al. (2000): identified as homolog. atatm mutants are hypersensitive to ionising radiation and MMS (but not UV-B), fail to induce the transcription of genes involved in repair and are partially sterile (Garcia et al., 2003) RECQ1 identified as homolog by Hartung et al., 2000; rice homolog OsRECQ1 involved in RNA silencing (Chen et al., 2008) RECQ2: interacts with WRNexo in vitro (Hartung et al., 2000); unwinds partial duplex DNA, can branch migrate Holliday junctions and promotes replication fork regression in vitro (Kobbe et al., 2008) RECQ3: unwinds partial duplex DNA and model replication forks in vitro (Kobbe et al., 2009) RECQ4A: functional homolog of yeast Sgs1 and human BLM; involved in DNA repair of MMS, Cisplatin-induced lesions; suppresses spontaneous somatic HR (Hartung et al., 2007); synthetically lethal double mutant recq4A-4 mus81-1 (Hartung et al., 2006) that can be rescued by further rad51C mutation (Mannuss et al., 2010); functions in conserved RTR complex with TOP3α and RMI1 (Hartung et al., 2008); removes interchromosomal telomeric connections during meiotic recombination (Higgins et al., 2011) RECQ4B: promotes somatic HR (Hartung et al., 2007) RECQ5: identified as homolog by Hartung et al., 2006 RECQsim: plant-specific homolog, contains large insertion in helicase domain (Hartung et al., 2000); expression in yeast sgs1 mutant suppresses its MMS sensitivity (Bagherieh-Najjar et al., 2003) WRNexo: homologous to exonuclease domain of HsWRN (Hartung et al., 2000), similar in vitro activities (Plchova et al., 2003); interacts with RECQ2 and Ku70 in vitro (Hartung et al., 2000; Li et al., 2005) Nonhomologous end joining 87. Ku70 (G22P1) DNA end binding NM_001469 At1g16970 (AtKu70) 88. Ku80 (XRCC5) DNA end binding M30938 At1g48050 At1g48050 (AtKu80) 89. PRKDC DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Nonhomologous end-joining NM_006904 At1g50030 NM_002312 At5g57160 (AtLIG4) Nonhomologous end-joining NM_003401 At3g23100 (AtXRCC4) 8-oxoGTPase dUTPase NM_002452 NM_001948 At1g68760 At3g46940 90. LIG4 91. XRCC4 92. MTH1 (NUDT1) 93. DUT AtKu70 interacts with AtKu80; transcript accumulates in response to DSBs (Tamura et al., 2002). atku70 mutants are hypersensitive to MMS and ionising radiation and exhibit increased telomere length (Bundock et al., 2002; Riha et al., 2002). AtKu70 is required for telomeric C-rich strand maintenance (Riha and Shippen, 2003) At1g48050 more similar to Ku70 AtKu80 interacts with AtKu70; transcript accumulates in response to DSBs (Tamura et al., 2002). atku80 mutants exhibit telomere lengthening, although telomerase activity per se is not increased significantly (Gallego et al., 2003). Mutants are hypersensitive to ionising (but not UV) radiation and exhibit reduced T-DNA intergration frequency (Friesner and Britt, 2003) Encodes ATP-dependent DNA ligase; expression induced by UV-B and gamma irradiation; protein interacts with AtXRCC4 (West et al., 2000). Mutants are hypersensitive to ionising (but not UV) radiation (Friesner and Britt, 2003). One study suggests that mutants exhibit reduced TDNA intergration frequency (Friesner and Britt, 2003) but another found no such reduction (van Attikum et al., 2003) AtXRCC4 interacts with AtLIG4 (West et al., 2000) top of table Closely related (77.78% amino acid sequence identity) to known dUTP pyrophosphatase from 7 (DUT1) tomato. dut1-RNAi lines grow slowly, die prematurely and are sensitive to 5-FU (Siaud et al., 2010, DNA Repair, 9, 567-578); they also display an increased frequency of HR events (Dubois et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6, e18658. DNA polymerases 94. POLL 95. POLG 96. REV3L (POLZ) 97. REV7 (MAD2L2) 98. REV1 99. POLH 100. POLI (RAD30B) 101. POLQ 102. DINB1 103. TRF4-1 104. TRF4-2 BER in nuclear DNA BER in mitochondrial DNA DNA pol zeta catalytic subunit, essential function DNA pol zeta subunit dCMP transferase XP variant Lesion bypass NM_013274 At1g10520 NM_002693 NM_002912 No significantly similar protein At1g67500 NM_006341 At1g16590 NM_016316 NM_006502 NM_007195 DNA cross-link repair Lesion bypass Sister-chromatid cohesion Sister-chromatid cohesion NM_006596 At5g44750 At5g44740 At5g44740 At1g49980 At4g32700 NM_016218 AF089896 At1g49980 At5g53770 AF089897 At5g53770 At5g53770 is more similar to TRF4-1 Closely related (79.45% amino acid sequence identity) to rice OsFEN-1, which has 5'-flap endonuclease and 5' to 3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activities 105. FEN1 (DNase IV) 106. TREX1 (DNase III) 107. TREX2 5' nuclease NM_004111 At5g26675 3' exonuclease NM_016381 3' exonuclease NM_007205 108. EX01 (HEX1) 109. SPO11 5' exonuclease endonuclease NM_003686 NM_012444 No significantly similar protein No significantly similar protein At1g29630 At5g02820 109.1 SPO11 At1g63990 109.2 SPO11 At3g13170 110. UBE2A (RAD6A) Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme NM_003336 111. UBE2B (RAD6B) Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme NM_003337 112. RAD18 Assists repair or AB035274 At1g14400 (UBC1) At2g02760 (UBC2) At1g14400 (UBC1) At2g02760 (UBC2) At5g62540 (UBC3) No significantly There is only one member of the pol X polymerase family in Arabidopsis. Evidence for involvement in repair of UV- and TE-induced damage, in vitro activity trans-8-oxoG At5g44740 is more similar to POLH. At1g49980 is more similar to DINB1 Involved in the patterning and shape of leaf trichomes. Encodes the DNA topoisomerase VI SPO11-3, involved in endoreduplication Spo11-2 Required for Meiotic Double-Strand Break Induction in Arabidopsis (Hartung 2007 Plant Cell) Spo11-1 Required for Meiotic Double-Strand Break Induction in Arabidopsis (Hartung 2007 Plant Cell) UBC1 exhibits in vitro activity (Sullivan and Vierstra, 1991). UBC2: Sullivan et al. (1994): identified as homolog UBC3: Sullivan et al. (1994): identified as homolog 8 113. UBE2VE (MMS2) replication of damaged DNA Ubiquitinconjugating complex 114. UBE2N (UBC13, UbiquitinBTG1) conjugating complex similar protein AF049140 NM_003348 At2g36060 At3g52560 At1g70660 At1g23260 At1g16890 At1g78870 Damage reversal 115. MGMT O6-meG alkyltransferase NM_002412 No significantly similar protein top of table Photoreactivation 116. Phr – E. coli Photolyase P00914 At4g08920 (CRY CRY1 and CRY2 encode a blue light photoreceptors (Ahmad et al., 1998a). 1) At1g04400 (CRY 2) UVR3 encodes a functional 6-4 photolyase (Jiang et al. 1997, Nakajima et al., 1998). At5g24850 (CRY3) PHR2 encodes a protein related to photolyases (Ahmad et al., 1998b) At3g15620 (UVR 3) UVH2 encodes a functional CPD photolyase (Jiang et al. 1997) At2g47590 (PH R2) At1g12370 (PHR1, UVR2) Crosslink repair (see also XPF/ERCC1) top of table Fanconi anemia 117. FANCA 118. FANCB 119. FANCC 120. FANCD 121. FANCE 122. FANCF 123. FANCG (XRCC9) 124. SNM1 (PS02) 125. SNM1B (FLJ12810) Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links Involved in tolerance or repair of DNA cross-links NM_000135 No significantly similar protein N/A No significantly similar protein NM_000136 No significantly similar protein N/A No significantly similar protein NM_021922 No significantly similar protein AF181994 No significantly similar protein NM_004629 No significantly similar protein DNA cross-link repair Related to SNM1 D42045 At3g26680 AL137856 At1g27410 FANC section needs updating top of table 9 126. SNM1C 127. RPA4 Related to SNM1 Similar to RPA2 AA315885 NM_013347 128. ABH (ALKB) Resistance to alkylation damage X91992 At3g26680 At3g02920 At2g24490 At1g11780 More similar to SNM1 At3g02920 and At2g24490 more similar to RPA2 Damage sensing- see also ATM (above) 129. ATR ATM- and PI-3Klike essential kinase NM_001184 At5g40820 (AtATR) PCNA-like DNA damage sensor PCNA-like DNA damage sensor PCNA-like DNA damage sensor RFC-like DNA damage sensor NM_002853 At4g17760 NM_004584 At3g05480 (AtRAD9) At1g52530 Mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to bleomycin and MMC, delayed repair of DSBs but enhanced homologous recombination rates (Heitzeberg et al., 2004) NM_002873 At5g66130 (AtRAD17) Expression induced by bleomycin, MMC and gamma. Mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to bleomycin and MMC, delayed repair of DSBs but enhanced homologous recombination rates (Heitzeberg et al., 2004) 135. TP53BP1 136. CHEK1 BRCT protein Effector kinase NM_005657 NM_001274 137. CHK2 (Rad53) Effector kinase NM_007194 At5g40450 At2g26980 (CIPK3) At4g04720 131. 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