Download DNA and Protein Synthesis Review Questions

Genetics and DNA
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Exam Review Packet
BRING COMPLETED TO THE TEST FOR +5 xc PTS.
The test will mostly cover DNA – practical questions will ask you to copy DNA, transcribe DNA
into RNA code, or use the protein wheel
There will also be some Punnett squares for heredity, and a few concept questions.
Human Genetics Unit
- Do identical twins have to look exactly the same? Explain
- What factors play a role determining your phenotype?
- If a genetic disorder is found mostly in males, the disorder is most likely what kind?
- What does it mean for a person to be a carrier for a disorder?
- Explain why most sex-linked disorders occur in males? (Hint: Think what makes a male
different than a woman)
- Human height is what type of trait? Why?
DNA Unit
- Where does DNA replication take place in a cell?
- Given one side of the DNA strand (AGTCATCGA), what is the other side of the DNA strand?
What would be the mRNA strand?
- What scientist discovered and took the first image of DNA?
- What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
- What message does mRNA carry?
- What is a clone?
- Draw what would be seen after DNA is run through Gel Electrophoresis. Label which strands
are the smallest and which are the largest. How did you determine this?
- Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of what?
- Give the following mRNA strand, write the correct amino acid sequence for it:
AUCCCGCACGUA
- What outcome has been achieved by the Human Genome Project?
DNA and Protein Synthesis Review Questions
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What does RNA stand for?
3. Coiled up DNA that looks like an “X” is a ______________
4. The basic building block of a DNA molecule is a _______________
5. ________________ are made out of three things… a _________, _________, and a
__________________
6. Nitrogen bases are complimentary which means that _____ bonds with ______ and ______
bonds with ______
7. What is the shape of DNA called?
8. When DNA unzips, what bonds are being broken?
9. What is the end product of DNA replication?
10. After the DNA is unzipped, how does the DNA form two new strands?
11. DNA contains the instructions on how to make __________
12. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is a _________
13. Name three differences between DNA and RNA
14. The process where the information from DNA is copied to mRNA is __________
15. Groups of three nitrogen bases on the mRNA are called _________
16. Codons code for a specific ________
17. What gets the correct amino acid and brings it to the ribosome and mRNA?
18. How does the tRNA know what amino acid to get?
19. What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
20. A mistake in the cell’s DNA is called a ______________
21. Will all mutations cause a problem?
22. Are any mutations good?
23. What are two ways DNA can be altered/mutated?
24. If you have a mutation in the DNA of your skin cell, will this mutation be passed on to your
children? Why or why not?
25. Write the complimentary pairs for the following nitrogen bases (DNA to DNA)
ATGCACA
26. Write the complimentary pairs to form a mRNA strand.
TAAGCGC
27. If the sequence of nitrogen bases is altered, what else will be altered as a result?
28. How does DNA determine what you look like?
29. What nitrogen base is present in RNA that is not in DNA?
30. What nitrogen base is present in DNA that is not in RNA?
31. Where in the cell is DNA located?
32. What form does DNA take during cell division?
33. Who discovered that the shape of DNA was a double helix?
34. Be able to decode a codon to an amino acid.
35. How many nitrogen bases were mutated in the DNA of someone who has sickle cell
anemia?