Download Cell Parts Notes - davis.k12.ut.us

Objective 1. Students will name, identify, describe and explain the function
of the following cell parts.
I.
Cell Parts
The following cell parts are found in both plant and animal cells.
a. Nucleus: is the control center of the cell and makes sure the cell
functions properly and gives instructions of what and how to do
things.
1. Chromatin/Chromosomes: contain the DNA which contains
all the information of what a cell becomes and how it should
become what is needed. DNA is sometimes called the blueprint
for the cell because it contains the genetic information or
genetic code. The chromatin becomes the chromosomes for cell
division.
b. Nucleolus: found in the nucleus is the part that produce
ribosomes.
c. Nuclear Membrane: is the outer covering of the nucleus and
allows materials such as ribosomes and RNA, in and out of the
nucleus.
1. Pores: are the small openings or holes in the nuclear
membrane where materials enter or leave the nucleus.
d. Cell Membrane: is the outer covering of the cell and allows
materials such as nutrients, wastes and water, in and out of the
cell.
1. Pores: are the small openings or holes in the cell
membrane where materials enter or leave the cell.
2. Semi-permeable: means that the cell membrane controls
what enters or leaves the cell or, in other words certain
things are allowed in and certain things are allowed out.
e. Cytoplasm: is the jelly-like material in which the organelles
move about and flow through the cell.
f. Cytoskeleton: is made of microtubules and provides support,
structure and shape to the cell.
g. Golgi Apparatus (body): transports materials around the cell; it
receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and
packages them for use throughout the cell. It also sends
materials out of the cell.
1. Vesicle: is a separate organelle that aids the Golgi
apparatus with the transportation of materials through
the cell.
h. Endoplasmic Reticulum: is the part of the cell that winds
throughout and delivers proteins and other important materials
through the cell. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
1. Smooth: does not have any ribosomes.
2. Rough: does have ribosomes attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum.
i. Ribosomes: are important for the cell because they produce
proteins which help the cell grow and repair.
j. Vacuoles: are the parts in a cell that hold water, waste products
or nutrients for the cell. In a plant cell they are very large for
water as plants use water for photosynthesis and to keep their
pressure.
1. Contractile vacuoles will contract or squeeze together to
push wastes out of the cell into the surrounding
environment.
k. Mitochondria: are the parts of a cell that provide energy for the
cell. Mitochondria are self-replicating which means that they
reproduce more of themselves as the cell needs more energy.
The following cell parts are found only in an animal cell.
l. Centriole: is a part found close to the nucleus which is used
during cell division. The centriole aids the cell during cell
division by aligning the spindle fibers or microtubules so that
the cell can divide.
m. Lysosome: a cell part that contains digestive fluids which are
used to digest extra nutrients, old organelles or malfunctioning
organelles.
The following cell parts are found only in a plant cell.
n. Cell wall: is made of cellulose and provides a plant cell with
structure and support. During cell division a cell plate forms
which becomes the cell wall.
o. Chloroplast: are the cell parts that plants use during
photosynthesis. Chloroplasts produce the chemical change that
creates sugars for the cell. They are green because they contain
chlorophyll.
1. Chlorophyll: are small particles within the chloroplast
that capture the sunlight or sun’s energy to change
carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen.
a. Chemical reaction of photosynthesis:
6H2O + 6CO2 ------ C6H12O6 + 6O2