Download 3.13 Review

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup

Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup

Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup

Nucleosome wikipedia , lookup

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance wikipedia , lookup

X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup

Human genome wikipedia , lookup

DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup

Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup

Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup

Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup

SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup

Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup

Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup

United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup

Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup

History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup

Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup

Chromosome wikipedia , lookup

DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup

Genomics wikipedia , lookup

Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup

Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup

Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup

Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup

Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup

Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup

Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup

Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup

Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup

Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup

RNA-Seq wikipedia , lookup

Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup

Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup

Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup

Replisome wikipedia , lookup

Point mutation wikipedia , lookup

DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup

Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup

Genetic code wikipedia , lookup

Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup

Microevolution wikipedia , lookup

Designer baby wikipedia , lookup

Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup

Gene wikipedia , lookup

History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup

Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup

Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup

Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup

Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup

Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup

Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
Test Review

Catalyst
 Here
 Find
 Here
is a stand of DNA: GTAACGTCA
the complementary strand of DNA
is a strand of DNA: TCAGGTATC
 Find
the complementary strand of RNA
 What amino acids does this RNA make? (Use your
codon table from yesterday.)
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Catalyst!
Catalyst Review

Here is a stand of DNA: GTAACGTCA
Complementary

DNA: CATTGCAGT
Here is a strand of DNA: TCAGGTATC
Complementary
RNA: AGUCCAUAG
Amino acids: Serine-Proline-Stop
Agenda
The Big Picture
 Quiz-Quiz-Trade
 Pedigree Review
 Independent Work
 Exit Question

In The Beginning…


Humanisbeings
of chromosomes (one
DNA
madehave
up 23
of pairs
two strands
from
mommy, onein
from
daddy).helix.
of
nucleotides
a double
 Nucleotide:
Each chromosome
is made

backbone
(sugar and
up of genes. plus a base.
phosphate)


 A specific area of a
Genetic
information is stored in
chromosome that codes for
theonenitrogenous
bases.
trait is called a gene.
T
Chromosomes  genes
G  C

DNA
A
Controls a Trait? How?


Different alleles (versions) of genes code for
different traits.
We can predict what traits children will have if we
know their parents’ alleles.
IA
IB
i
GENOTYPES:
PHENOTYPES:
IA IB
IB i



i
IA i
ii

Ai: 25%
IType
A: 25%
IBi: 25%
Type
B: 25%
IAIB: 25%
Type
AB: 25%
ii: 25%
Type
O: 25%
How? Where?

OK, so genes code for traits—but how do we
get from a gene to a trait?
 Proteins!
Proteins are the stuff that actually
causes our hair to be blonde, eyes to be brown,
skin to be dark, etc.

Problem
 Chromosomes/genes/DNA
are in the nucleus.
 Proteins are made in the ribosome.

OH NOES!!!
The Solution
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
The Solution
CGATTA
GCUAAU
GCU = Alanine
AAU = Asparagine
TRANSLATION:
TRANSCRIPTION:
 Information in DNA
mRNA
is isre-read
one
codon
(three bases) at a
written
as mRNA
 time.
mRNA is formed by
 Codons
are instructions
for
complementary
base pairs
producing
 A  U, T amino
 A acids.
 G  amino
C, C  acids
G
 Many
= protein
The Central Dogma of Biology
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Protein
Translation
Quiz-Quiz-Trade




Find a partner. Quiz them with your question on
your notecard. If they can’t get it right, coach them
(coaching is not telling them the answer!)
Then your partner quizzes you.
Once you have each successfully answered your
question, trade your notecards. Then raise your
hand.
Dap someone with a raised hand. BAM! You’re now
partners.
Pedigree Review – Symbols

Male

Parents
Children
Female
Pedigree Review – Symbols


Unaffected: normal; no disorder
(but could carry it)
Affected: has the disorder
Recessive Inheritance

If a disease is recessive inheritance, then
you have to have all recessive alleles to get
the disease.
 DD
= unaffected
 Dd = carrier (unaffected, but could give disease
to children)
 dd = affected

If an affected child comes from unaffected
parents, the disease is recessive
inheritance.
Recessive inheritance
Affected children may come from unaffected parents
Dominant Inheritance

If a disease is dominant inheritance, then
having even ONE dominant allele gives you
the disease.
 DD
= affected
 Dd = affected
 dd = unaffected

If an unaffected child comes from affected
parents, the disease is dominant
inheritance.
Dominant Inheritance
Unaffected children may come
from affected parents
Sex-Linked Inheritance

If a disease is sex-linked inheritance, then it
is attached to the X chromosome. Men are
much more likely to be affected than
women.
 XX
= normal woman
 XY = normal man
 X*X = carrier woman
 X*X* = affected woman
 X*Y = affected man
Sex-Linked Inheritance
XY
X*Y
X*X*
X*Y
X*Y
X*X
Independent Work
Exit Questions
What is ONE question you have
about this unit?
 I will review the most common
questions tomorrow before the
unit test.
