Download BIOLOGY B: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE.2016 This study guide

BIOLOGY B: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE.2016
This study guide contains the concepts that will be assessed on the Biology B Final Exam. If a concept
is not listed below, it will NOT be assessed on the Final Exam. This study guide is not meant to be an
‘answer sheet’ for the Final; it is a listing of topics that you should be familiar with in order to be
successful on the Final. Vocabulary that you need for these topics is implied; vocabulary is not listed
here.
CH 10
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What is a chromosome?
Why must cells divide?
The Cell Cycle and its phases
Mitosis and its phases
Cytokinesis
The difference between plant and animal mitosis
The purposes of mitosis
What is cancer?
CH 11
 Be able to work the following genetics crosses, predicting phenotypic and genotypic ratios:
o Monohybrids
o Dihybrids
o Sex linked crosses
 Know the difference between:
o Dominant and recessive
o Codominant and incomplete dominance
 Know these other kinds of inheritance
o Multiple alleles
o Polygenic interitance
o Influence of the environment on inheritance
o Sex linkage
 Know the method of inheritance of the human diseases in this chapter
 Be able to interpret a simple pedigree
 Meiosis and its stages
Ch 12
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CH 13
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Understand how we know that DNA is the genetic material
The role of DNA
The structure of DNA
The process of DNA replication
o The difference in replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The structure of RNA and the difference kinds of RNA and their function
The process of transcription
The process of translation
Be able to use the codon chart to find what amino acid is coded for by a codon
Types of mutation and how they affect a protein
Ch 14 and 15
 Be able to interpret a human karyotype
 Be able to describe, in a general way, the process of gel electrophoresis
o Be able to interpret a gel made by this process
 Know what selective breeding is
 The process of recombinant DNA
o Restriction enzymes
o Plasmids
o Gene products
Ch 16
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Ch 17
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Know about Darwin: his time, his travels, his ideas
Be able to define the word ‘evolution’
Be able to distinguish between Lamark’s ideas, and the ideas of Darwin
Artificial selection
Understand the basic idea of natural selection and be able to relate a graph to the following
selection types:
o Stabilizing
o Directional
o Disruptive
Fitness and reproductive success
Evidence for evolution:
o Biogeography
o Embryonic development
o Homologous structures
o Analogous structures
o Vestigial structures
o Know how old the Earth is
Be able to interpret a simple cladogram
Relate gene pools and populations
Know the sources of genetic variation
Know the differences between the Founder Effect and the Bottleneck Effect
Know what structures fossilize well, and how fossils are formed
o Know about the different types of fossils
 See your ppt
What is a species