Download Luther Burbank produced over 800 varieties of plants by

Luther Burbank produced over
800 varieties of plants by
1. genetic
engineering.
2. transformation.
3. selective
breeding.
4. DNA sequencing.
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Which of the following have been
produced by selective breeding?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
horse breeds
cat breeds
dog breeds
all of the above
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Selective breeding produces
1. more offspring.
2. fewer offspring.
3. desired traits in
offspring.
4. transgenic
organisms.
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Which of the following is NOT an
example of selective breeding?
1.
allowing only the best milk-producing
cows to reproduce
crossing disease-resistant plants with
plants that produce high food yields
mating cats that have long hair with
cats that have long tails
allowing dogs to mate only once a
year
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following is most likely to bring
together two recessive alleles for a genetic
defect?
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1. inbreeding
2. hybridization
3. genetic
engineering
4. transformation
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4
To make a new line of plants,
Burbank used the process of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
inbreeding.
hybridization.
transformation.
genetic
engineering.
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4
The crossing of buffalo and cattle to
produce beefalo is an example of
1. inbreeding.
2. hybridization.
3. genetic
engineering.
4. transformation.
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Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
1.
Inbreeding and hybridization are
opposite processes.
A hybrid plant has all the characteristics
of both its parents.
Inbreeding can produce an offspring that
has a defect that neither parent shows.
Hybridization is used to produce new
varieties of plants and animals.
2.
3.
4.
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Scientists produced oil-eating
bacteria by
1. making bacteria
polyploid.
2. inbreeding bacteria.
3. inducing mutations
in bacteria.
4. hybridizing bacteria.
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What is the ultimate source of
genetic variability?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
inbreeding
radiation
hybridization
mutations
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25%
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Breeders induce mutations in
organisms to
1. increase diversity in
populations.
2. make organisms more
alike.
3. avoid selective breeding.
4. produce organisms with
undesirable characteristics.
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3
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4
Which of the following includes
all the others?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
hybridization
inbreeding
selective breeding
induced mutations
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1
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Polyploidy instantly results in a
new plant species because it
1. changes a
species’ number
of chromosomes.
2. produces a
hardier species.
3. causes mutations.
4. all of the above
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Mutations are useful in selective
breeding because they
1. help maintain the desired
characteristics of animal
breeds.
2. are usually found in hybrids.
3. are usually beneficial.
4. can be used to enhance the
process of hybridization.
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What does Figure 13–1 show?
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1. gel electrophoresis
2. DNA sequencing
3. a restriction enzyme
producing a DNA
fragment
4. polymerase chain
reaction
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In Figure 13–1, between which
nucleotides is the DNA cut?
1. adenine and thymine
2. cytosine and
guanine
3. thymine and
cytosine
4. adenine and
guanine
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One function of gel
electrophoresis is to
1. separate DNA
fragments.
2. cut DNA.
3. recombine DNA.
4. extract DNA.
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The process of making changes in the
DNA code of a living organism is called
1. selective
breeding.
2. genetic
engineering.
3. inbreeding.
4. hybridization.
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A DNA molecule produced by combining
DNA from different sources is known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
a mutant.
a hybrid.
a polyploid.
recombinant DNA.
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Knowing the sequence of an
organism’s DNA allows researchers to
1. reproduce the
organism.
2. mutate the DNA.
3. study specific
genes.
4. cut the DNA.
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Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis
allows researchers to
1.
identify similarities and differences in the
genomes of different kinds of organisms.
determine whether a particular allele of a
gene is dominant or recessive.
compare the phenotypes of different
organisms.
cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
2.
3.
4.
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On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer
to the positive end of the gel than is band A.
Which of the following statements is true?
1.
Band B is more negatively charged
than band A.
Band B moved faster than band A.
Band A is smaller than band B.
Band B consists of larger DNA
fragments than does band A.
2.
3.
4.
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Genetic engineering involves
1. reading a DNA
sequence.
2. editing a DNA
sequence.
3. reinserting DNA into
living organisms.
4. all of the above
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Which of the following are NOT
used to read DNA sequences?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
nucleotides
gels
fluorescent dyes
double-stranded
DNA molecules
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AAGCTT
TTCGAA
Suppose a restriction enzyme
recognizes the six-base sequence
in a double strand of DNA. Between
which two nucleotides on each strand
would the enzyme have to cut to
produce a fragment with sticky ends
that are four bases long?
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
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GC
CT
AA
AG
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1
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If two DNA samples showed an identical
pattern and thickness of bands produced by
gel electrophoresis, the samples contained
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1. the same amount
of DNA.
2. fragments of the
same size.
3. the same DNA
molecules.
4. all of the above
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During transformation,
1.
a prokaryote is changed
into a eukaryote.
a cell takes in DNA from
outside the cell.
foreign DNA is inserted
into a plasmid.
a cell is mutated.
2.
3.
4.
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Scientists can transform plant
cells by
1.
using the bacterium
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens.
removing the plant cell
walls and then mixing
the cells with DNA.
injecting DNA into the
plant cells.
all of the above
2.
3.
4.
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A recombinant plasmid gets
inside a bacterial cell by
1. inducing
mutations.
2. injecting itself into
the cell.
3. transformation.
4. recombining with
the cell.
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Which of the following includes
all the others inside it?
1. plasmid
2. transformed
bacterium
3. foreign gene
4. recombinant DNA
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Which of the following steps is NOT
essential in producing recombinant DNA?
1.
Cut out a piece of DNA from a DNA
molecule.
Splice a piece of DNA into DNA from
another organism.
Use a restriction enzyme to form
sticky ends in DNA.
Read the DNA sequence of the piece
of DNA to be cut and spliced.
2.
3.
4.
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A gene that makes it possible to distinguish
bacteria that carry a plasmid (and the foreign DNA)
from those that don’t is called a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
resistance gene.
antibiotic.
genetic marker.
clone.
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Which of the following is often
used as a genetic marker?
1.
2.
a foreign gene
a gene for antibiotic
resistance
a DNA sequence that
serves as a bacterial
origin of replication
a nucleotide labeled
with a fluorescent dye
3.
4.
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The transformation of a plant
cell is successful if
1.
the plasmid that entered
the cell reproduces
inside the cell.
the foreign DNA is
integrated into one of
the cell’s chromosomes.
the cell reproduces.
a plasmid has entered
the cell.
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following is an example of
successful transformation?
1.
injection of bacterial
DNA into plant cells
a defective gene in a
cell being replaced with
a normal gene
bacterial cells taking in
plasmids that have a
genetic marker
none of the above
2.
3.
4.
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Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant
plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The
bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of
the following statements is NOT true?
1. Those bacteria that contain the
plasmid will survive.
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2. The penicillin will kill the bacteria that
were transformed.
3. The gene for antibiotic resistance is
expressed in the bacteria that survive.
4. Those bacteria that are successfully
transformed will survive.
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4
What kind of technique do scientists
use to make transgenic organisms?
1. hybridization
2. inbreeding
3. inducing of
mutations
4. genetic
engineering
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What is an advantage of using transgenic
bacteria to produce human proteins?
1.
The human proteins produced by
transgenic bacteria work better than
those produced by humans.
Transgenic bacteria can produce
human proteins in large amounts.
The human proteins produced by
transgenic bacteria last longer than
those produced by humans.
Transgenic bacteria can produce
human proteins used to make
plastics.
2.
3.
4.
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What has been an advantage of
producing transgenic plants?
1. increasing the
food supply
2. using more
pesticides
3. producing clones
4. studying human
genes
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To produce transgenic bacteria that make
insulin, which of the following steps did
scientists have to take first?
1. Insert the human insulin gene
into a plasmid.
2. Extract the insulin from the
bacterial culture.
3. Use a restriction enzyme to cut
out the insulin gene from
human DNA.
4. Transform bacteria with the
recombinant plasmid.
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4
What are scientists more likely to learn from
transgenic animals than from transgenic
bacteria or transgenic plants?
1. the structure of
human proteins
2. the process of
cloning
3. how human genes
function
4. how plasmids
reproduce
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The Scottish scientist Ian
Wilmut cloned a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
bacterium.
sheep.
plant.
cow.
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Which of the following is a
clone?
1. the adult female sheep whose
DNA was used to produce Dolly
2. a transgenic mouse
3. a bacterium taken from a
bacterial colony
4. the tobacco plant with the
luciferase gene
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What kind of cell or cells were
used to make Dolly?
1. body cell only
2. egg cell only
3. egg cell and
sperm cell
4. body cell and egg
cell
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Why is Dolly a clone?
1.
The source of her DNA was a single
body cell.
The DNA molecules in all her cells
are identical.
She was produced using the DNA
from an adult’s egg cell.
She is genetically identical to her
offspring.
2.
3.
4.
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People have used selective breeding to
produce many different dog breeds.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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1
2
Without genetic engineering, horses would
not have been domesticated.
______________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Without selective breeding, dogs today
would probably be less similar.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Hybrids are often hardier than either of their
parents. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
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4
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1
50%
2
Animal breeders maintain cat and dog
breeds by the process of hybridization.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Exposing a population of plants to radiation or certain
chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that
occur within the population. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
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1
50%
2
A polyploid plant has more than two copies
of each gene.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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3
4
5
1
2
During DNA sequencing, if all the bands on an
electrophoresis gel are the same color, the single-stranded
DNA sample consisted of one kind of fragment.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA
into an adult plant.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the
foreign DNA are cut with a different restriction enzyme.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Scientists use genetic markers to determine
which animal cells have been successfully
transformed. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid
that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the antibiotic
tetracycline will not survive in a culture treated with
tetracycline. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
The fact that human genes inserted into bacteria produce
proteins shows that the basic mechanisms of gene
expression are different in bacteria and humans.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Some transgenic animals grow faster because
they have extra copies of growth hormone genes.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a
sheep’s body cell and fused it with a cell taken from
another adult. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
Humans use selective breeding to pass
desired _________________________ on
to the next generation of organisms.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
____________________ is the technique of
selective breeding that has led to deformities
in certain dog breeds.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an
orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the
selective breeding technique of
_________________________.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Eliminating an undesirable trait from a dog breed
would probably require the technique of selective
breeding called _________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Scientists use radiation and chemicals
to induce ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The mutations that breeders induce in
organisms are passed on to the organisms’
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The sequence of a DNA fragment can be determined by
observing the ____________________ of fluorescent
bands on an electrophoresis gel.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A DNA sample will form a single band on an
electrophoresis gel if all the fragments are
the same ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the
process of _________________________, which occurs in
cells.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Plasmids are naturally found in
some ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Some plasmids have genetic markers that
make them resistant to
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A transgenic organism that has extra copies of a gene
produces more of the ____________________ that is
coded for by that gene.
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2
3
4
5
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The insulin produced by transgenic bacteria is identical to
the insulin produced by humans because both are coded
for by ______________________________.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Dolly is not a transgenic animal because all
of her genes are from the
____________________ kind of organism.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
DNA samples taken from Dolly and the sheep that donated
the body cell would show ____________________
patterns of bands on an electrophoresis gel.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A mule is produced by mating a male donkey with
a female horse. What can you conclude, in
general, about the characteristics of a mule?
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How are the selective breeding techniques
of hybridization and inbreeding opposites?
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2
3
4
5
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What is a polyploid organism?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why would breeders want to increase a
population’s mutation rate?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the likely effect of treating a sample
of DNA with more than one kind of restriction
enzyme?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What does polymerase chain
reaction enable scientists to make?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 13–1
What are structures C and D in Figure
13–1, and what is their significance?
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What is a plasmid?
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3
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What are two ways in which scientists
transform plant cells without using
plasmids?
1
2
3
4
5
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How can gel electrophoresis be used to tell
whether a transformation experiment was
successful?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is a transgenic organism?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why do transgenic bacteria that have the
gene for human insulin produce insulin in
great abundance?
1
2
3
4
5
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Why does the human insulin gene produce
the same protein in humans and in
transgenic bacteria?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare the genes in Dolly and the
sheep from which she was cloned.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare the sexes of an animal clone and
the animal from which it was cloned. Explain
your answer.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In what ways has selective breeding been
useful to humans today and in the past?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain an advantage and a
disadvantage of inbreeding.
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2
3
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Suppose you want to produce a new animal breed or plant species with
certain desirable traits. Write a brief description of the traits you would
want the organism to have. Then, explain how you would use selective
breeding techniques to produce an organism with those traits.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare and contrast the techniques used in
genetic engineering and in selective breeding to
produce organisms with desired traits.
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Suppose you are a scientist trying to help people who
cannot produce an enzyme needed for proper digestion.
How could you use genetic engineering techniques to
make transformed bacteria that produce the enzyme?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how a plant cell might contain a
recombinant plasmid but not be successfully
transformed.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Will an animal grown from a successfully
transformed egg cell pass the foreign gene
to its offspring? Explain
1
2
3
4
5
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In what general ways are transgenic
organisms useful to people today?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How might cloning be useful to
animal breeders?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How could Ian Wilmut be sure that the
sheep that gave birth to Dolly wasn’t Dolly’s
biological parent?
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2
3
4
5
0 of 5