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Sections 5.3-5.5 Kelsey Y. Julianne C. Komugi T. Tyson T. To Sum It All Up!! Lipids have little or no affinity for water Key types of lips are fats, phospholipids and steroids 3 fatty acids + glycerol = triacylglycerol Carbon skeleton – hydrogen atoms = unsaturated fatty acid A fat’s main purpose is to store energy Many hormones are steroids. Proteins make up more than 50% of dry mass of most cells All proteins are polymers with the same set of 20 amino acids Many different polymers can be created. Chromatography separates polypeptides into fragments. The primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures make up a protein. Environment of a protein affects the protein conformation Nucleic acids are DNA. DNA is copied and passed down generations when cell reproduces. The number of possible base sequences along a DNA is limitless. The two strands of a DNA serves as templates to order nucleotides into a new strand. Um.….. What? Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes Chromatography is the collective term for the family of techniques for the separation of mixtures A chaperonin is a protein that assists n the proper folding of other proteins- this is important because they keep the proteins away from “bad influences” Diagram 1 This is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat and fatty acids. Unsaturated fats cannot pack as closely together because of the bend. Diagram 2 On the left you san see there is an exposed hydrophobic region. Those regions interact causing Sickle-cell disease. In The Future…… carbohydrates they serve as a fuel and building material. they both include sugars and the polymers of sugar. -carbohydrates will be seen on CH.6,7,9 and 41 -in Ch. 41, when a person eats too many carbohydrates, the body increased its rate of carbohydrate oxidation (a loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction). The amount of fat in the diet can have a more direct effect on weight gain the amount of dietary carbohydrates. lipids they are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. They all shared one important trait: they have little or no water. This includes waxes and certain pigments, but the important types of lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids. -lipids will be seen on CH. 7,39, and 42 -on Ch. 42, such lipids like cholesterol can cause cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. proteins they have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions. such as enzymatic proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, transport proteins, hormonal proteins, receptor proteins, contractile and mortor proteins, and defensive proteins. -proteins will be seen on CH.7,17,21,and 39. -on ch.7, proteins play a big role on membrane structure and function. since proteins speed up chemical reactions, while others play a role in structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances. all of these important things are what helps a membrane to function. nucleic acids they store and transmit hereditary information. there are two types of nucleic acids, there's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). these are molecules that help pass their information from one generation to the next. -nucleic acids will be seen on CH.16,17,18, and 41 Now Tell Us….. Explain how a DNA cell increases. Compare and Contrast the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats. What is an possible effect if one of the amino acids in hemoglobin gets substituted with the wrong amino acid? Create a situation where proteins get denatured and how to get it renatured. Compare and contrast between the fat of animals and the fat of plants.