A SMN missense mutation complements SMN2 restoring snRNPs
... onto the SMA mouse background (SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn þ/2 ) until mice that were heterozygous for the transgene, homozygous for SMN2 and homozygous for the mouse Smn knockout allele (SMN(VDQNQKE)þ/2 ; SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn2/2 ) or (SMN (A111G)þ/2 ; SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn2/2 ) were obtained. Expression of transgenes RT– PC ...
... onto the SMA mouse background (SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn þ/2 ) until mice that were heterozygous for the transgene, homozygous for SMN2 and homozygous for the mouse Smn knockout allele (SMN(VDQNQKE)þ/2 ; SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn2/2 ) or (SMN (A111G)þ/2 ; SMN2 þ/þ ; Smn2/2 ) were obtained. Expression of transgenes RT– PC ...
Laalami S., Zig L. and H. Putzer - Institut de Biologie Physico
... rate. This likely reflects evolutionary adaptation of each organism to its environment. Theoretically, there are three ways to initiate nucleolytic decay of an mRNA: exonucleolytical attack of the ends (5′ or 3′) and endonucleolytic cleavage within the body of the message. All known bacteria have 3′ ...
... rate. This likely reflects evolutionary adaptation of each organism to its environment. Theoretically, there are three ways to initiate nucleolytic decay of an mRNA: exonucleolytical attack of the ends (5′ or 3′) and endonucleolytic cleavage within the body of the message. All known bacteria have 3′ ...
Control of Pre-mRNA Splicing by the General Splicing Factors
... cells alters the splicing pattern of endogenous transcripts, consistent with the idea that regulation of PUF60 and U2AF65 levels can dictate alternative splicing patterns. Our results indicate that recognition of 39 splice sites involves different U2AF-like molecules, and that modulation of these ge ...
... cells alters the splicing pattern of endogenous transcripts, consistent with the idea that regulation of PUF60 and U2AF65 levels can dictate alternative splicing patterns. Our results indicate that recognition of 39 splice sites involves different U2AF-like molecules, and that modulation of these ge ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
Stochastic and reversible aggregation of mRNA with expanded CUG
... Stable murine myoblast C2C12 cell lines were established with each construct; lacZ–MS2 mRNA expression was detected after infection of a retroviral vector expressing MS2–GFP. Large MS2– GFP foci were observed in the nucleus of the lacZ–MS2–145CUG cell line, whereas no nuclear aggregates were visible ...
... Stable murine myoblast C2C12 cell lines were established with each construct; lacZ–MS2 mRNA expression was detected after infection of a retroviral vector expressing MS2–GFP. Large MS2– GFP foci were observed in the nucleus of the lacZ–MS2–145CUG cell line, whereas no nuclear aggregates were visible ...
Molecular diversity through RNA editing: a balancing act
... (A-to-I) editing and its specific functional impact on many of the affected genes is not yet known, the importance of balancing RNA modification levels across time and space is becoming increasingly evident. In particular, transcriptome instabilities in the form of too much or too little RNA editing ...
... (A-to-I) editing and its specific functional impact on many of the affected genes is not yet known, the importance of balancing RNA modification levels across time and space is becoming increasingly evident. In particular, transcriptome instabilities in the form of too much or too little RNA editing ...
N o v e l s ite s o... Johan Ohlson
... extra nucleotides were found in the mRNA of the cox II gene that were not present in the genomic sequence. Four uridines were inserted into the mRNA, creating a functional protein. This finding suggested a novel posttranscriptional modification named RNA editing, referring to the insertion of uridin ...
... extra nucleotides were found in the mRNA of the cox II gene that were not present in the genomic sequence. Four uridines were inserted into the mRNA, creating a functional protein. This finding suggested a novel posttranscriptional modification named RNA editing, referring to the insertion of uridin ...
HIBERNATING BEARS, ANTIBIOTICS AND THE EVOLVING RIBOSOME
... are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain that folds into globular or fibrillar forms, depending on the sequence of their amino acids, which is defined by the sequence of a gene that encoded in the genetic code. Proteins are constantly being degraded. Therefore simultaneous production of p ...
... are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain that folds into globular or fibrillar forms, depending on the sequence of their amino acids, which is defined by the sequence of a gene that encoded in the genetic code. Proteins are constantly being degraded. Therefore simultaneous production of p ...
QNQKE Targeting Motif for the SMN-Gemin Multiprotein Complex in Neurons *
... inherited cause of infant death, characterized by a neurodegenerative process affecting primarily a-motor neurons of the lower spinal cord (Frugier et al., 2002). This autosomal recessive disease is caused by deletions or mutations of the survival motor neuron protein gene (SMN1) that encodes for th ...
... inherited cause of infant death, characterized by a neurodegenerative process affecting primarily a-motor neurons of the lower spinal cord (Frugier et al., 2002). This autosomal recessive disease is caused by deletions or mutations of the survival motor neuron protein gene (SMN1) that encodes for th ...
PicoPure RNA Isolation Kit
... LightCycler (Roche). Quantifiable message can be detected from a single cell, and the fluorescence signal is proportional to the cell number for all samples studied. ...
... LightCycler (Roche). Quantifiable message can be detected from a single cell, and the fluorescence signal is proportional to the cell number for all samples studied. ...
RNA PCR Kit (AMV)
... Depend on many factors, the primer for reverse transcription should be selected from either of Random 9 mers, Oligo dT-Adaptor Primer, or specific downstream PCR primer. For short mRNAs with no hairpin structure, any one of the above three primers can be used. [ General guideline of the primer sel ...
... Depend on many factors, the primer for reverse transcription should be selected from either of Random 9 mers, Oligo dT-Adaptor Primer, or specific downstream PCR primer. For short mRNAs with no hairpin structure, any one of the above three primers can be used. [ General guideline of the primer sel ...
PDF
... Sm proteins are primarily small proteins that assemble to form characteristic homomeric or heteromeric rings that consist of six or seven subunits with a characteristic central pore, the presence of which is crucial for binding U-rich regions of single-stranded RNA (Scofield and Lynch, 2008). Member ...
... Sm proteins are primarily small proteins that assemble to form characteristic homomeric or heteromeric rings that consist of six or seven subunits with a characteristic central pore, the presence of which is crucial for binding U-rich regions of single-stranded RNA (Scofield and Lynch, 2008). Member ...
how cells read the genome: from dna to protein
... of most multicellular organisms, such as our Drosophila example, are surprisingly disorderly. Small bits of coding DNA (that is, DNA that codes for protein) are interspersed with large blocks of seemingly meaningless DNA. Some sections of the genome contain many genes and others lack genes altogethe ...
... of most multicellular organisms, such as our Drosophila example, are surprisingly disorderly. Small bits of coding DNA (that is, DNA that codes for protein) are interspersed with large blocks of seemingly meaningless DNA. Some sections of the genome contain many genes and others lack genes altogethe ...
Coordination of Genomic RNA Packaging with Viral Assembly in HIV-1
... favoring replication from the infecting parental RNA species (“stamping machine replication”) [50]. 4. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Interaction between Group-specific Antigen (Gag) and Genomic RNA (gRNA) In recent years a clearer picture has emerged of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the HIV-1 Gag- ...
... favoring replication from the infecting parental RNA species (“stamping machine replication”) [50]. 4. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Interaction between Group-specific Antigen (Gag) and Genomic RNA (gRNA) In recent years a clearer picture has emerged of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the HIV-1 Gag- ...
How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein
... How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein Only when the structure of DNA was discovered in the early 1950s did it become clear how the hereditary information in cells is encoded in DNA’s sequence of nucleotides. The progress since then has been astounding. Within fifty years we knew the complet ...
... How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein Only when the structure of DNA was discovered in the early 1950s did it become clear how the hereditary information in cells is encoded in DNA’s sequence of nucleotides. The progress since then has been astounding. Within fifty years we knew the complet ...
Gene Therapy and Transgenic Animals
... Antisense Oligonucleotides are unmodified or chemically modified ssDNA, RNA or their analogs. They are 13-25 nucleotides long and are specifically designed to hybridize to the corresponding RNA by Watson-Crick binding ...
... Antisense Oligonucleotides are unmodified or chemically modified ssDNA, RNA or their analogs. They are 13-25 nucleotides long and are specifically designed to hybridize to the corresponding RNA by Watson-Crick binding ...
Promiscuity of the Euonymus Carbohydrate-Binding Domain
... more complex carbohydrates in a reversible way. These carbohydrate-binding domains are widespread but have been studied most intensively within the plant kingdom. Plant lectins are a very diverse group of proteins with obvious differences in their biochemical/physicochemical properties, molecular st ...
... more complex carbohydrates in a reversible way. These carbohydrate-binding domains are widespread but have been studied most intensively within the plant kingdom. Plant lectins are a very diverse group of proteins with obvious differences in their biochemical/physicochemical properties, molecular st ...
Article - Andrej Sali
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...
RNA polyadenylation and decay in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
... significant homology are shown as patterned boxes, with catalytic subdomains designated accordingly (26). The N‐terminus of the plant proteins includes sequences shown in Arabidopsis and predicted in other plants to constitute a chloroplast TP (27). In addition, the plant proteins contain N‐terminal ...
... significant homology are shown as patterned boxes, with catalytic subdomains designated accordingly (26). The N‐terminus of the plant proteins includes sequences shown in Arabidopsis and predicted in other plants to constitute a chloroplast TP (27). In addition, the plant proteins contain N‐terminal ...
Correlating ribosome function with high
... Figure 2. The symmetrical region and peptide-bond formation. (a–c) The universal symmetrical region backbone fold. In all structures, the A- and P-sub-regions are shown in blue and green, respectively. The imaginary symmetry axis is shown in red. (a) Superposition of fold of the 180 nucleotides comp ...
... Figure 2. The symmetrical region and peptide-bond formation. (a–c) The universal symmetrical region backbone fold. In all structures, the A- and P-sub-regions are shown in blue and green, respectively. The imaginary symmetry axis is shown in red. (a) Superposition of fold of the 180 nucleotides comp ...
The ribosome — a macromolecular machine par excellence
... ‘Head’ and ‘body’ are readily distinguished. From the body, two major lobes sprout upward, identified as the ‘platform’ and the ‘shoulder’. The cleft between the platform and the head is known to be the site of the decoding center (i.e. the place where mRNA, A- and P-site tRNAs and a region of 16S R ...
... ‘Head’ and ‘body’ are readily distinguished. From the body, two major lobes sprout upward, identified as the ‘platform’ and the ‘shoulder’. The cleft between the platform and the head is known to be the site of the decoding center (i.e. the place where mRNA, A- and P-site tRNAs and a region of 16S R ...
Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit
... be decreased if the wells of the plate show clogging below the recommended levels. See also “Clogged Wells in Plate” below. ...
... be decreased if the wells of the plate show clogging below the recommended levels. See also “Clogged Wells in Plate” below. ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
SV 96 Total RNA Isolation System Technical Bulletin
... DNA and protein. The most important step is the immediate inactivation of endogenous RNases that are released from membrane-bound organelles upon cell disruption. The SV 96 Total RNA Isolation System combines the disruptive and protective properties of guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) and β-mercaptoethan ...
... DNA and protein. The most important step is the immediate inactivation of endogenous RNases that are released from membrane-bound organelles upon cell disruption. The SV 96 Total RNA Isolation System combines the disruptive and protective properties of guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) and β-mercaptoethan ...
Chpt10_TxnRNAPol.doc
... accurate and efficient transcription that are not subunits of purified RNA polymerase. We will focus primarily on the general transcription initiation factors (GTIFs), which are proteins needed for accurate initiation of transcription. They are required for RNA polymerase to bind avidly and specific ...
... accurate and efficient transcription that are not subunits of purified RNA polymerase. We will focus primarily on the general transcription initiation factors (GTIFs), which are proteins needed for accurate initiation of transcription. They are required for RNA polymerase to bind avidly and specific ...
LSm
In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. LSm is a contraction of 'like Sm', because the first identified members of the LSm protein family were the Sm proteins. LSm proteins are defined by a characteristic three-dimensional structure and their assembly into rings of six or seven individual LSm protein molecules, and play a large number of various roles in mRNA processing and regulation.The Sm proteins were first discovered as antigens targeted by so-called Anti-Sm antibodies in a patient with a form of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a debilitating autoimmune disease. They were named Sm proteins in honor of Stephanie Smith, a patient who suffered from SLE. Other proteins with very similar structures were subsequently discovered and named LSm proteins. New members of the LSm protein family continue to be identified and reported.Proteins with similar structures are grouped into a hierarchy of protein families, superfamilies, and folds. The LSm protein structure is an example of a small beta sheet folded into a short barrel. Individual LSm proteins assemble into a six or seven member doughnut ring (more properly termed a torus), which usually binds to a small RNA molecule to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. The LSm torus assists the RNA molecule to assume and maintain its proper three-dimensional structure. Depending on which LSm proteins and RNA molecule are involved, this ribonucleoprotein complex facilitates a wide variety of RNA processing including degradation, editing, splicing, and regulation.Alternate terms for LSm family are LSm fold and Sm-like fold, and alternate capitalization styles such as lsm, LSM, and Lsm are common and equally acceptable.