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Sections 5.3-5.5
Kelsey Y.
Julianne C.
Komugi T.
Tyson T.
To Sum It All Up!!
 Lipids have little or no affinity
for water
 Key types of lips are fats,
phospholipids and steroids
 3 fatty acids + glycerol =
triacylglycerol
 Carbon skeleton – hydrogen
atoms = unsaturated fatty
acid
 A fat’s main purpose is to
store energy
 Many hormones are steroids.
 Proteins make up more than
50% of dry mass of most cells
 All proteins are polymers with
the same set of 20 amino
acids
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Many different polymers can be
created.
Chromatography separates
polypeptides into fragments.
The primary, secondary, tertiary,
and quaternary structures make
up a protein.
Environment of a protein affects
the protein conformation
Nucleic acids are DNA.
DNA is copied and passed down
generations when cell
reproduces.
The number of possible base
sequences along a DNA is
limitless.
The two strands of a DNA serves
as templates to order nucleotides
into a new strand.
Um.….. What?
 Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major
component of all biological membranes
 Chromatography is the collective term for the
family of techniques for the separation of
mixtures
 A chaperonin is a protein that assists n the
proper folding of other proteins- this is
important because they keep the proteins away
from “bad influences”
Diagram 1
 This is the difference
between saturated
and unsaturated fat
and fatty acids.
 Unsaturated fats
cannot pack as
closely together
because of the bend.
Diagram 2
 On the left you san
see there is an
exposed hydrophobic
region. Those
regions interact
causing Sickle-cell
disease.
In The Future……
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carbohydrates
they serve as a fuel and building material. they both include sugars and the polymers of sugar.
-carbohydrates will be seen on CH.6,7,9 and 41
-in Ch. 41, when a person eats too many carbohydrates, the body increased its rate of carbohydrate
oxidation (a loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction). The amount of fat in the
diet can have a more direct effect on weight gain the amount of dietary carbohydrates.
lipids
they are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. They all shared one important trait: they have
little or no water. This includes waxes and certain pigments, but the important types of lipids are fats,
phospholipids, and steroids.
-lipids will be seen on CH. 7,39, and 42
-on Ch. 42, such lipids like cholesterol can cause cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis,
hypertension, heart attack, and stroke.
proteins
they have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions. such as enzymatic proteins,
structural proteins, storage proteins, transport proteins, hormonal proteins, receptor
proteins, contractile and mortor proteins, and defensive proteins.
-proteins will be seen on CH.7,17,21,and 39.
-on ch.7, proteins play a big role on membrane structure and function. since proteins speed
up chemical reactions, while others play a role in structural support, storage, transport, cellular
communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances. all of these important things
are what helps a membrane to function.
nucleic acids
they store and transmit hereditary information. there are two types of nucleic acids, there's
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). these are molecules that help pass their
information from one generation to the next.
-nucleic acids will be seen on CH.16,17,18, and 41
Now Tell Us…..
 Explain how a DNA cell increases.
 Compare and Contrast the difference between saturated
and unsaturated fats.
 What is an possible effect if one of the amino acids in
hemoglobin gets substituted with the wrong amino acid?
 Create a situation where proteins get denatured and how to
get it renatured.
 Compare and contrast between the fat of animals and the
fat of plants.