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Group A Group B Group C It’s DNA Or The highway Express your Genes Translate This! Who did that? Potpourri 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 The purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA. What are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine? The term given for opposite orientation of strand in the DNA helix. What is antiparallel? The fragments of DNA that are produced on the lagging strand. What are Okazaki fragments? The enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix during replication. What is DNA helicase? The enzyme that prevents knots from forming in the DNA as it is unravelling. What is gyrase? Introns and Exons What are non-coding and coding regions (respectively) in DNA? Regions on the tips of chromosomes that are partly eroded with each cell division. What are telomeres? Parts of an operon What are the operator, the promoter, and the gene? Transcription is turned off by a repressor in the lac operon and is turned on if lactose is present. What is negative gene regulation? Tryptophan is an example of this in the tryp operon in E.Coli What is a co-repressor? The site on mRNA where the ribosome attaches. What is the 5’ methlyguanosine cap? UAA, UAG, and UGA What are stop codons? Enzyme which forms bond between tRNA and its amino acid. What is amino-acyl tRNA synthase? The enzyme which forms a peptide bond between amino acids during formation of the polypeptide. What is peptidyl transferase? Amino acids in the protein specified by the following DNA sequence: 3’ AGATTTCCGCTC 5’ What are serine, lysine, glycine, and glutamate? Using mice and two strains of bacteria, he proved that it is possible for bacteria to take up genetic material from other bacteria and be transformed. Who is Griffith? Their work on X-ray diffraction and nucleic acids showed DNA likely had a helix-type shape. Who are Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins? They proved that DNA is the genetic material and not proteins by experiments with radioactively labelled phages. Who are Hershey and Chase? He showed that the amounts of guanine and cytosine was the same in cells. Who is Chargaff? Discovered the concept of the operon as a means of controlling genes in prokaryotes. Who are Jacob and Monod? Examples of these include TATA box and CAAT box. What are promoters? How mRNA is modified in eukaryotic cells. What is removing introns, adding 5’ methylguanosine cap, and poly A tail? Process which amplifies the amount of DNA in a sample by using the strands as a template. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? Enzymes found in bacteria that cut DNA at predictable sequences. What are restriction endonucleases? Process where a gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid and introduced into bacteria that produce the protein product. What is gene cloning? FINAL JEOPARDY Who discovered the structure of DNA? Who are James Watson and Frances Crick?