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THE CELL
pp. 174-181
Cell Boundaries
A. Cell Wall
Cell walls are the outermost boundary in
bacteria
plants
fungi
__________,
_______,
and ___________.
animal cells
They are not found in _____________________.
The primary function of the cell wall is to provide
___________________________.
The cell wall
structure and support
does not regulate what
enters and leaves
_________________________
the cell.
1. Cell walls of plants are composed of
cellulose
____________
2. Cell walls of fungi are composed of
Chitin
_____________
B. Cell Membrane
B. Cell Membrane
 Every cell is surrounded by a cell
Lipid bilayer
membrane made of ___________________.
The cell membrane is selectively
permeable which means
_____________________________________
it only allows certain substances in and certain
substances out
_____________________________________
__. This characteristic is critical in helping
homeostasis
the cell maintain _______________.
The cell
membrane is also called the
plasma
____________________
membrane.
Inside a Eukaryotic Cell
The inside of the cell consists of the:
A. Nucleus
cytosol
B. B. Cytoplasm – Includes the _________
organelles
or “cell gel” and the __________,
which
little organs
means “_____________”
Nucleus

Control center of
_____________
the cell. Genetic
information stored as
chromatin
____________,
which
DNA
is _______wrapped
in
________________.
protein
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Nucleolus

Small, dense region in
the nucleus. Site of
ribosome
________________
production
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Nuclear Envelope

Double
phospholipid
_________________
membrane. Has
pores
nuclear ___________
RNA
which allow _______
to leave the nucleus
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Ribosomes

Tiny, granular
organelles located on
Endoplasmic Reticulum
_________________
or suspended in
cytosol
_________.
Site of
protein production
_________________.
All cells (pro & euk)
have ribosomes.
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extensive network continuous
nuclear envelope
with _________________.
Called “rough” because it has
ribosomes
________________
all along
the membrane. Function of the
rough ER is to
modify
& transport proteins
_____________________.
Most of these proteins are
vesicles
packaged into _____________
(like bubbles or sacs) and
Golgi apparatus
shuttled to the ____________

Found in Both Plants & Animals
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Similar to rough ER in
structure, except that
it lacks
ribosomes
______________.
The smooth ER
manufactures
lipids
________,
breaks
glycogen
down _________,
detoxifies
poisons
__________,
and
stores calcium
________________.
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Golgi Apparatus

Flattened, round sacs that look like a sack
pancakes
of ________________.
Receives, modifies,
and ships products by way of ___________
vesicles
cytosol → cell membrane_
into the ____________________________
Found in Both Plants & Animals
Lysosome

animal
Found in __________
cells only. Round sacs
enzymes
containing __________
break down
that _______________
recycle
and ______________
used cell components.
Also used as defense
bacteria and
against _______
viruses
_______________
Vacuole

Sacs that may be
used as storage for
_______,
_________,
water Salts,
proteins
carbohydrates
_________________,
or wastes. Plants
have a large central
vacuole.
Mitochondria

Double-walled
organelle with inner
to increase
folds ____________.
surface area
____________Uses
glucose to
_______
manufacture energy
in the form of
ATP
______.
Mitochondria
have their own
DNA
_______.
Chloroplast

plant
Found in ______
cells. Contain
chlorophyll (green
__________
pigment) and their
DNA
own ______.
Chloroplasts harvest
sun
energy from the ____
to produce ATP
____
through photosynthesis
__________.
Centrioles

animal
Found in _________
cells only. Bundles of
_________________
microtubules
that play a role in
cell division
_________________
Cytoskeleton

microtubules
Composed of protein fibers known as _______________
and ______________.
and
microfilaments Anchor _______________
organelles
provide ______________.
Also provide motility for some
structure
cilia
flagella
cells in the form of ___________
or ____________.
More
animal
extensive cytoskeleton found in __________
cells.