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Cell Parts & Organelles Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) Semi-permeable Allows some things in while keeping others out “Gate-keeper” of the cell Cytoskeleton Provides support, shape, strength for cell; made of microtubules & microfilaments Microtubules-hollow tubes made of protein Microfilaments-thin filaments of protein Cytoplasm Jellylike substance inside the cell Many cellular reactions take place in the cytoplasm Surrounds organelles and keeps them in place Organelles “mini-organs” Membranebound parts of cells Nucleus “Control center” of the cell Contains DNA Chromatin DNA “tangles” in the nucleus Coils into chromosomes during cell division chromatin Nuclear envelope Membrane surrounding the nucleus Contains holes (nuclear pores) that allow RNA to leave nucleus Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Found inside nucleus Centriole Microtubules which may aid in cell division Only in animal cells Located near nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Transports proteins & other substances throughout the cell Has ribosomes on surface Smooth ER Makes lipids & carbohydrates No ribosomes Ribosome Site of protein synthesis (protein-making) Can be free-floating or attached to rough ER Golgi apparatus Collects, modifies, packages, & ships substances made by the cell Substances are packaged in vesicles (membranebound sacs) Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Site of cellular respiration Has folded inner membrane (cristae) Generates ATP (energy) for cell Increases surface area for respiration Have their own DNA One theory suggests that mitochondria developed from prokaryotic cells living inside eukaryotic cells (created energy for eukaryotes, gained protection from eukaryotes) Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes that destroy worn out cell parts & materials Also digest carbs, proteins, lipids May play a role in human development ex. Destroy tissue to form spaces b/w fingers Rarely found in plant cells Also known as “suicide sacs” Vacuole Fluid-filled sac that stores food, water, wastes, enzymes Very large in plants Can take up to 70% of space inside plant cells Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis The process by which plants make own food Only in plant cells Internal structure contains “stacks of pancakes” called grana that increase surface area for photosynthesis Cell wall Rigid structure surrounding cell membrane that provides support Made of cellulose Plant cells have (some bacteria, too) Gives plant cells square shape Differences b/w plant & animal cells 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cell wall in plants only Chloroplasts in plants only Centrioles in animals only Much larger vacuole in plants Rarely do plant cells have lysosomes How many structures can you identify? How many structures can you identify?