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Cell Organelles
What you need to know
An organelle is a membranebound structure that carries out
specific activities for the cell.
You will need to know the following organelles and their
function:
 Cell Membrane
 Nucleus
 Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria
 Golgi Complex
 Ribosomes
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Cell Wall
 Chloroplast
 Central Vacuole
 Lysosome
Cell Membrane
 Every cell is
enclosed by a cell
membrane. It
controls the
passage of
materials in and out
of the cell.
Nucleus
 The control center of
the cell. It contains
the DNA code for
the cell coiled into
chromosomes.
Cytoplasm
(not an organelle - but important)
 All organelles reside
(live and float
around in) the
cytoplasm.
Mitochondria
 This organelle
processes energy
for a cell. It makes
ATP.
 (ATP = energy)
 Involved in cellular
respiration.
Golgi Complex
 The protein
packaging and
transport center of
the cell.
 Has incoming and
outgoing vesicles.
Ribosomes
(not an organelle - but important)
 Synthesizes proteins.
 Present in the
cytoplasm.
 Present with Rough ER.
 No membrane present.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Transports materials
throughout the cell.
 Digests lipids.
 Produces proteins.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Covered with
ribosomes.
 Produces proteins.
 Transports materials
throughout the cell.
Lysosome
 Breaks down
materials for
digestion.
 Contains special
enzymes for
digestion in the cell.
Cell Wall
(Plant Cell Only)
 Rigid and strong
wall.
 Protects and
maintains the shape
of the cell.
Chloroplast
(Plant Cell Only)
 Contains
chlorophyll.
 Makes plants green.
 Uses light energy to
make ATP & sugars.
 Photosynthesis
takes place here.
Central Vacuole
(Plant Cell Only)
 Most plant cells
have one large one.
 Filled w/ fluid.
 Helps maintains
turgor pressure and
shape of cell.