Download The Cell City: A Role Play December 14, 2006

The Cell City: A Role Play
Mrs. Adorno
Do Now:
Why do you think these cells look so
different from one another?
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/tdc02/sci/life/cell/cellgallery/index.html
Form and Function…
Form and Function…
…go hand in hand.
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The cell is an example of form and
function working together.
The pictures show the variety of forms
(shapes) cells can take and how many
different jobs they perform in the human
body and in other forms of life.
What is so special about animal
cells and their organelles?
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The cell is the basic unit of life. Every organism is
either made up of large interconnected groups of
cells or is itself a cell, free-floating and
independent.
There is a nearly endless variety of cell types. The
human body alone contains more than 200
different kinds of cells that vary in size, shape, and
function!
Animal cells of different types vary widely, but one
common thing is that they all have organelles that
are important for their survival.
Task #1: Organelle Research
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Your job is to work with your Group to
read and answer questions.
Each group will be responsible for
completing the research so that you can
present your findings to the class.
Animal
Cell
Organelles
Cell
Membrane:
The Security System of a Cell
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Main Jobs: The cell membrane is a barrier that keeps the
contents of the cell, the cytoplasm, contained. It helps to
control what materials go into and out of the cell.
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The CM also maintains cell shape.
Talks to other cells by making cell junctions.
Fun Facts:
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The membrane is a bilayer. What this means is that, under a
strong microscope two separate layers can be seen.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells
Cell Membrane
Animal
Cell
Organelles
Cytoskeleton:
The Road System
of the Cell
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Main Job: The cytoskeleton gives a cell
shape so that its organelles can move
about and perform their duties properly.
Fun Facts:
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When you think of the cytoskeleton, think
of pillars of a building. Pillars provide a
building with support so that it remains
standing.
The cytoskeleton also helps cells to move.
The Golgi, vacuoles, and lysosomes rely
upon the cytoskeleton to move.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Animal
Cell
Organelles
Nucleus:
The Control Center
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Main Job: The nucleus is a cell’s “brain.” It
controls all cell activity.
Factoids:
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The nucleus is usually round and is the largest
organelle in the cell.
The nucleus has three main parts: the Nucleolus,
the Chromatin, and the Nuclear Envelope.
Animal cells will die if their nucleus is removed.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Animal
Cell
Organelles
Nucleus
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Mitochondria
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Main Job: To give “power” to the cell’s other
organelles. Mitochondria can be compared to a
powerhouse!
Fun Fact(s):
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Organisms get energy from a molecule called ATP.
The mitochondria use food and oxygen to produce
ATP to be used by the cell’s organelles.
The mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes.
Because of this, scientists believe that mitochondria
used to be independently living bacteria that began
living within other cells.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Animal
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Nucleus
Makes energy for
Cell
Organelles
cell’s activities.
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Main Job: To transport proteins and other
cellular materials to regions of the cell where
they are needed. ER can be compared to the
postal service!
Fun Fact(s):
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There are two different types of ER – rough ER and
smooth ER
Rough ER is involved in making proteins
Smooth ER makes produces other important materials
such as fats.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Nucleus
Animal
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
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Main Job: To package material to be
transported out of the cell. Golgi can
be compared to a shipping department!
Fun Fact(s):
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The Golgi is made up of stacks of pouches that look
like pancakes.
The Golgi is often called the “shipping department” of
the cell.
The Golgi got its name from scientist Camillo Golgi
who discovered this organelle.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells.
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Nucleus
Animal
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Packages materials for
export from the cell.
Golgi
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
Vacuole
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Main Job: To store proteins and cellular waste.
Vacuoles can be compared to storage units!
Fun Fact(s):
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Vacuoles in animal cells are much smaller than in
plant cells.
Vacuoles in animal cells can contain food that must be
digested. A lysosome fuses with a vacuole and squirts
digestive enzymes into the vacuole in order for the
food to be broken down.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells.
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Vacuole
Packages materials for
export from the cell.
Nucleus
Animal
Stores materials to be
used or destroyed
later.
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Golgi
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
Lysosome
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Main Job: To digest or break down materials.
Lysosomes can be compared to “clean-up
crews.”
Fun Fact(s):
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Often cells need to tear down parts of themselves
and rebuild to do their jobs. Lysosomes do this
“tearing down” by digesting cell parts.
For example, a tadpole loses its tail when it becomes
a frog. Lysosomes digest the tail cells; the digested
material from the tail is then used by the frog to build
its new legs.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells.
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Digests and recycles
cellular waste and food.
Cytoskeleton
Lysosome
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Vacuole
Packages materials for
export from the cell.
Nucleus
Animal
Stores materials to be
used or destroyed
later.
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Golgi
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
Ribosome
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Main Job: To build proteins. Ribosomes can be
called the “letter writers” of the cell.
Fun Fact(s):
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Some ribosomes are found floating in the cell’s fluid.
These are called free ribosomes.
Some ribosomes are also found attached to ER. These
are called bound ribosomes.
A ribosomes can make the average protein in about
one minute.
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells.
Makes proteins.
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Digests and recycles
cellular waste and food.
Ribosome
Lysosome
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Nucleus
Animal
Stores materials to be
used or destroyed
later.
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Vacuole
Packages materials for
export from the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Golgi
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
What is a protein?
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Proteins are large molecules that build essential pieces
of our bodies. They much make up about 15% of the
mass of the average person.
Structures in our bodies that are made of proteins:
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Muscles
Ligaments
Skin
Hair
Antibodies
Hemoglobin
The protein in the food we eat is our main source of the
chemical building blocks we need to build our own
protein molecules.
http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/5/chemistry/proteins/Protch1pg1.html
Cell shape. Talks to
other cells.
Makes proteins.
Gives cell its shape.
Holds and moves
organelles.
Cell Membrane
Digests and recycles
cellular waste and food.
Ribosome
Lysosome
Controls the cell’s
activities.
Nucleus
Animal
Stores materials to be
used or destroyed
later.
Makes energy for
Cell
cell’s activities.
Organelles
Vacuole
Packages materials for
export from the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Golgi
Mitochondria
ER
Transports proteins
around the cell.
…out the…
Describe what would happen to
a cell if a UV ray hit the cell and
destroyed the nucleus.