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Transcript
Ms. Mezzetti Lynn English High School Science Department Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. ORGANELLE STRUCTURE FUNCTION plasma membrane protects, supports and is semipermeableallows substances in and out of cell nucleus contains DNA/chromosomes which controls cell’s activities nuclear envelope surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave nucleus cytoplasm everything between nucleus and plasma membrane cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place lysosome food digestion garbage disposal &recycling vacuole & vesicles transport inside cells storage mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals nucleus protects DNA controls cell ribosomes builds proteins Golgi apparatus finishes, packages ER helps finish proteins & ships proteins makes membranes Animal Cell jelly-like material holding organelles in place transport inside cells storage make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals food digestion garbage disposal &recycling protects DNA controls cell builds proteins finishes, packages helps finish proteins & ships proteins makes membranes Animal Cell-Identify the organelles nucleus control cell protects DNA cytoplasm jelly-like material around organelles Golgi apparatus finish & ship proteins mitochondria make ATP in cellular respiration cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals nucleolus make ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum processes proteins makes membranes ribosomes make proteins central vacuole storage: food, water or waste cell wall support chloroplast make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis make ribosomes control cell protects DNA processes proteins makes membranes make proteins jelly-like material around organelles finish & ship proteins make ATP in cellular respiration cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals storage: food, water or waste support make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis Plant Cell-name the organelles FLAGELLUM CILIA PSEUDOPOD Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell movement Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport). Osmosis – diffusion of water Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general structures and degrees of complexity). PROKARYOTES BOTH EUKARYOTES No nucleus DNA Membrane bound nucleus No membrane bound organelles Ribosomes Membrane bound organelles-ER; golgi bodies; mitochondria; lysosome Bacteria Plasma membrane Animal, plant, protist and fungi cells Simple cells Cytoplasm Complex cells 2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES Use cellular evidence: cell structure cell number, cell reproduction modes of nutrition to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia). 2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. • Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants • Produces glucose plants convert to starch for storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for energy. Takes place in the mitochondria Process produces ATP Aerobic respiration requires oxygen Anaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes place in cytosol 2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cells of photosynthetic organisms. • Plants are autotrophsproduce their own food • Animals are heterotrophs-rely on other organisms for their nutrition (food). Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. 2.6: MITOSIS Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. • Purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair in somatic (body cells) • Viruses can contain DNA and RNA • Viruses can not reproduce on their own • They need to invade a host cell to reproduce • Bacteriophages invade bacteria; inject their DNA into the host cell