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Transcript
Sensory Receptors Figure 50.3 (a) Receptor is afferent neuron. (b) Receptor regulates afferent neuron. To CNS To CNS Afferent neuron Afferent neuron Receptor protein Neurotransmitter Sensory receptor Stimulus Sensory receptor cell Stimulus leads to neurotransmitter release. Stimulus Figure 50.4a (a) Single sensory receptor activated Gentle pressure Sensory receptor Low frequency of action potentials per receptor More pressure High frequency of action potentials per receptor Figure 50.4b (b) Multiple receptors activated Sensory receptor Gentle pressure Fewer receptors activated More pressure More receptors activated Figure 50.5 Gentle pressure, vibration, and temperature Connective tissue Hair Pain Epidermis Dermis Strong pressure Hypodermis Nerve Hair movement Figure 50.24 Papilla Papillae Taste buds (a) Tongue Key Taste bud Sweet Salty Sour Bitter Umami Taste pore Sensory neuron (b) Taste buds Sensory receptor cells Food molecules Figure 50.25 Brain potentials Olfactory bulb Odorants Nasal cavity Bone Epithelial cell Receptors for different odorants Chemoreceptor Plasma membrane Odorants Cilia Mucus Figure 50.17aa Sclera Choroid Retina Suspensory ligament Fovea Cornea Iris Optic nerve Pupil Aqueous humor Lens Vitreous humor Optic disk Central artery and vein of the retina Figure 50.17ab Retina Photoreceptors Neurons Optic nerve fibers Rod Cone Amacrine Horizontal cell cell Bipolar Ganglion cell cell Pigmented epithelium Figure 50.17bb CYTOSOL Retinal INSIDE OF DISK Opsin Rhodopsin Figure 50.18 INSIDE OF DISK Light Active rhodopsin EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Disk membrane Phosphodiesterase Plasma membrane CYTOSOL cGMP Transducin GMP Na Dark Light Membrane potential (mV) Inactive rhodopsin 0 40 Hyperpolarization 70 Time Na Figure 50.10a Outer ear Middle ear Skull bone Inner ear Stapes Incus Malleus Semicircular canals Auditory nerve to brain Cochlea Pinna Oval window Auditory canal Tympanic membrane Round window Eustachian tube Figure 50.10b Cochlear duct Bone Auditory nerve Vestibular canal Tympanic canal Organ of Corti Figure 50.10c Tectorial membrane Hair cells Axons of sensory Basilar neurons membrane To auditory nerve 1 m Figure 50.10d Bundled hairs projecting from a hair cell Figure 50.12 B C Apex A Cochlea Point B Tympanic membrane Basilar membrane Base Round window Tympanic canal Relative motion of basilar membrane Axons of sensory neurons Oval window Vestibular Stapes canal A 6,000 Hz 3 Point C C 0 3 1,000 Hz 0 3 100 Hz 0 10 30 20 0 Distance from oval window (mm) Point A (a) B (b) Figure 50.13 Semicircular canals PERILYMPH Cupula Fluid flow Vestibular nerve Hairs Hair cell Vestibule Nerve fibers Utricle Saccule Body movement
