Download CHS Science Dept. Biology Chapter 7 Sections 1 and 2 Vocabulary

CHS Science Dept.
Biology
Chapter 7 Sections 1 and 2 Vocabulary Flash Cards
Cells
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that
separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all
forms of life.
Cell theory
-All living things are composed of cells.
-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things.
-New cells are produced from existing cells.
Nucleus
The center of the atom which contains the protons and
neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's
genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose cells contain nuclei. contains a
nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from
the rest of the cell.
Prokaryotes
Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus. have genetic
material that is not contained in a nucleus.
Organelles
Specialized structures that performs important cellular
functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Cytoplasm
Material inside the cell membrane—not including the
nucleus.
Nuclear
Bi-lipid layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell,
envelope
protecting and regulating what comes in and out of the
nucleus.
Chromatin
Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of
DNA tightly coiled around proteins; consists of DNA
bound to protein. is spread throughout the nucleus.
Chromosomes Chromatin condenses to form this. Thread-like structure
within the nucleus containing the genetic information that
is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus
Where assembly of ribosomes begins. small, dense,
region within most nuclei in which the assembly of
proteins begins.
Ribosomes
Small organelles in the cell on which proteins are
assembled; made of RNA and protein.
Endoplasmic
reticulm (E.R.)
Golgi
apparatus
Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid
components of the cell membrane are assembled and
some proteins are modified
Stacks of membrane in the cell that modifies, sort, and
package proteins and other materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion
outside the cell.
Lysosomes
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell.
Vacuoles
Cell organelles that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
Mitochondria
Cell organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in
food into compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use. Nearly all eukaryotic cells &including plants
contain this.
Chloroplasts
Found in plants & some other organisms. Organelles
found in cells of plants and some other organisms that
captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into
chemical energy.
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps
the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms
of cell movement. Eukaryotic cells have this structure that
helps support the cell.
Centrioles
Tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells
near the nuclear envelope.
Cell membrane Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters
and leaves the cell. All cells are surrounded by this thin,
flexible barrier.
Cell wall
Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in
plants, algae, and some bacteria; provide support and
protection for the cell.