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Transcript
Date: November 7, 2016 Aim #23: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles?? Do Now: Describe how a unicellular and multicellular organism compare and contrast. HW: 1) Daily Review of class notes. 2) Quarterly Exam Test Corrections due Monday Aim#23: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles? 1) ORGANIZATION CHART CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL PROKARYOTIC CELLS BACTERIA Prokaryotes (review) ◦All Bacteria ◦They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles. ◦They DO have: ◦Cell Membranes ◦Cell Walls ◦DNA ◦Ribosomes 2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells: ◦ Animal Cell ◦ Plant Cell ◦ Both are complex, but there are differences 2) What are those things inside the cell? ◦ Organelles- Specialized structures in cells that perform important cellular functions. 3) What are the eight life functions? NUTRITION a) _________________________obtain and processing of food for energy TRANSPORT b) _________________________absorption and distribution of materials RESPIRATION c) _________________________converting energy stored in food to a usable form (ATP) EXCRETION d) _________________________get rid of metabolic wastes SYNTHESIS e) _________________________building larger molecules from smaller ones REGULATION f) _________________________control and coordination of life activities GROWTH g) _________________________to increase in cell size or cell number REPRODUCTION h) _________________________producing new individuals Brain Pop: Cell Structure https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/ 4a) CELL MEMBRANE (AKA: Plasma Membrane) FUNCTION: ◦Barrier to protect the cell. ◦Controls what comes in and out. 4b) CYTOPLASM FUNCTION: To protect and support the organelles within the cell. • •Where chemical reactions take place 4c) NUCLEUS ◦ Found in eukaryotic cells only! ◦ FUNCTION: ◦ Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information - DNA (THE BRAIN) ◦ Nucleolus◦ Where ribosomes are made 4d) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM FUNCTION: ◦ Transportation route of cell. Materials travel through it. ◦ 2 Types: ◦ Rough ER (has ribosomes)makes proteins ◦ Smooth ER- makes lipids and steroid hormones 4e) RIBOSOMES FUNCTION: ◦ They SYNTHESIZE proteins ◦ Can be found in cytoplasm or on Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) 4f) GOLGI BODY/COMPLEX/APPARATUS FUNCTION: ◦ Proteins from ER come here. Modifies and packages the proteins, gives them a direction to follow. 4g) MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTION: ◦ Powerhouse of the cell ◦ Where cellular respiration occurs ◦ Makes energy (ATP) from food and oxygen. LYSOSOMES FUNCTION: ◦ Contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes that can break down nutrients. Also they break down dead organelles. (Intracellular digestion) VACUOLES FUNCTION: ◦ Store materials ◦ MANY SMALL ONES IN ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG ONE IN PLANT CELLS. Date: November 9, 2016 Aim #23: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles?? Do Now: Identify the organelle that carries out the following functions… 1) Controls what enters the cell. 2) Controls and regulates the cell (contains DNA) 3) Where most chemical reactions take place. 4) Site of protein synthesis 5) Site of cellular respiration 6) Stores materials HW: 1) Daily Review of class notes. 2) Quarterly Exam Test Corrections due Monday 3) Quiz Tuesday (p.1)/ Wednesday (p.5) CENTRIOLES FUNCTION: • Involved in animal cell division •FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS CHLOROPLASTS FUNCTION: ◦ Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules (glucose) in a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS ◦ Contains the pigment chlorophyll ◦ FOUND IN PLANT CELLS! CELL WALL FUNCTION : support and ◦ Provides protection for the cell. ◦ FOUND IN PLANT CELLS CILIA & FLAGELLA FUNCTION ◦ Aid in: the movement of individual cells ◦ Flagellum- long tail to swim ◦ Cilia- lots of little “hairs” all over the cell Animal cell Plant cell What do plant and animal cells have in common? AMIMAL CELL X X X X X X X X X PLANT CELL Cell Membrane X Cytoplasm X Nucleus X Endoplasmic Reticulum X Ribosome X Mitochondria X Lysosomes X Vacuole X Centriole Chloroplast X Cell Wall X Which cell is a plant cell? Animal Cell? How did you know? Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Date: November 14, 2016 Aim #23: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles?? Do Now: 1) Name three organelles in plant cells that are not in animal cells and identify the function of each. 2) Name one organelle that is in an animal cell and not a plant cell and identify its function. 3) Organelles are small structures within cells that help the cell to maintain _____________________. HW: 1) Daily Review of class notes. 2) Castle Learning GRADED QUIZ due Thursday by 10:30PM 3) Unit 3 Test Tuesday 11/22 (period 5) Wednesday 11/23 (period 1) Directions: Fill in the missing life functions that correspond to each of the organelles below. Life Function Nutrition Regulation Growth/ Reproduction Synthesis Transport Respiration Organelle Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) Lysosomes (digestive enzymes) Nucleus (genetic info) Cell membrane Centrioles (animal cell division) Nucleus (genetic info) Ribosomes (protein synthesis) Endoplasmic reticulum Cell Membrane Mitochondria Excretion Cell membrane Growth/ Reproduction Nucleus (genetic info) Directions: Read each clue below and figure out who is talking! 1. 2. I am a concept based on the work of several scientists. I have three parts. Cell Theory We are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. 3. Cells I provide protection and support. I am made of cellulose and can be found in plant cells. Cell Wall 4. I am the clean up crew. I digest old cell parts. 5. Lysosomes We are the tiny structures that make up cells. There are several of us. Organelles 6. I am found inside the nucleus. DNA (genetic information) 7. I am a clear, thick, jelly-like substance. I am found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Cytoplasm 8. 9. We are produced in the nucleolus, we make proteins and are found in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes I am the process that plants use to make their food. I need chlorophyll in order to occur. Photosynthesis 10. I am the “highways” of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 11. I am responsible for the passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Nobody enters or leaves without my permission. Nuclear Membrane 12. I control all of the activities of the cell. I have been called the brains of the entire operation. Nucleus 13. I guard the cell from intruders. I decide who enters the cell and who leaves. I am present in BOTH plant and animal cells. Cell Membrane 14. We are known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. We make energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria 15. I am a non-living material making up cell walls. I am stiff and strong, a form of starch. Cellulose Please clear your desks Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6