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Transcript
Biology Chapter 7 Test Review Terms to know: Microscopes, compound light microscope, electron microscope, Robert Hooke, cork, cell, cell theory, organelle, prokaryote, eukaryote, membrane bound organelles, nucleus, mitochondria, endosymbiotic theory, cellular membrane, selective permeability, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer, triglyceride, phospholipid, phosphate group, PO4, polar head, nonpolar tails, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, fluid mosaic model, aqueous, transport protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, cell wall, cellular membrane, vacuole, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, chytoplasm, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, golgi body, lysosome Review Questions: 1. What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (Hint: look at the Venn diagram we made together.) 2. What are the three parts of the cell theory? 3. Draw and label a phospholipid. Where in the cell do you find phospholipids? 4. Label the picture of a phospholipid bilayer. Where is it hydrophobic? Where is it hydrophilic? Where is it polar? Where is it non polar? Where are the fatty acid chains? Where are the phosphates? 5. Where in the cell do you find the phospholipid bilayer? 6. What do carbohydrates do for the phospholipid bilayer? Cholesterol? Transport proteins? 7. Label the parts of the microscope using the following terms: ocular lens, low power objective, medium power objective, high power objective, arm, base, course adjustment knob, find adjustment knob, diaphragm, stage, stage clips) Match the name of the organelle to its picture. a. Smooth ER b. Rough ER c. Nucleus d. Golgi apparatus e. Lysosome ab. Mitochondria ac. Cell Wall ad. Chloroplast ae. Nucleolus bc. Vacuole bd. Free ribosomes be. Cell membrane cd. Nuclear membrane Biology Chapter 7 Test Review Terms to know: Microscopes, compound light microscope, electron microscope, Robert Hooke, cork, cell, cell theory, organelle, prokaryote, eukaryote, membrane bound organelles, nucleus, mitochondria, endosymbiotic theory, cellular membrane, selective permeability, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer, triglyceride, phospholipid, phosphate group, PO4, polar head, nonpolar tails, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, fluid mosaic model, aqueous, transport protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, cell wall, cellular membrane, vacuole, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, chytoplasm, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, golgi body, lysosome Review Questions: 8. What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (Hint: look at the Venn diagram we made together.) Prokaryotes: have no nucleus, no membranes around their organelles, are simpler Eukaryotes: have a nucleus, have membranes around their organelles, are more complex 9. What are the three parts of the cell theory? 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure in organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. 10. Draw and label a phospholipid. Where in the cell do you find phospholipids? Found in the cellular membrane. 11. Label the picture of a phospholipid bilayer. Where is it hydrophobic? Where is it hydrophilic? Where is it polar? Where is it non polar? Where are the fatty acid chains? Where are the phosphates? 12. Where in the cell do you find the phospholipid bilayer? Cellular membrane. 13. What do carbohydrates do for the phospholipid bilayer? Cholesterol? Transport proteins? Carbohydrates: cell signaling molecules Cholesterol: prevent fatty acids from sticking together (which would make the membrane rigid) Transport proteins: allow large molecules to pass through the membrane 14. Label the parts of the microscope using the following terms: ocular lens, low power objective, medium power objective, high power objective, arm, base, course adjustment knob, find adjustment knob, diaphragm, stage, stage clips) Match the name of the organelle to its picture. a. Smooth ER b. Rough ER c. Nucleus d. Golgi apparatus e. Lysosome ab. Mitochondria ac. Cell Wall ad. Chloroplast ae. Nucleolus bc. Vacuole bd. Free ribosomes be. Cell membrane cd. Nuclear membrane 1. Mitochondria 2. Ribosomes 3. Nuclear membrane 4. Golgi body 5. Nucleus 6. Nucleolus 7.Lysosome 8. Chloroplast 9. Smooth ER 10. Rough ER 11. Vacuole 12. Cellular membrane 13. Cell wall List the function of each organelle. 1. Mitochondria- releases energy from food molecules 2. Ribosomes- makes proteins that stay in the cell 3. Nuclear membrane- controls what goes into and out of the nucleus 4. Golgi body- packages proteins for export 5. Nucleus- controls all cell functions 6. Nucleolus- makes ribosomes 7.Lysosome- digests particles 8. Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis 9. Smooth ER- makes lipids 10. Rough ER- makes proteins that leave the cell 11. Vacuole- storage 12. Cellular membrane- controls what goes into and out of the cell 13. Cell wall- provides protection and rigid support Prokaryote: A. Flagella: long, thread-like structure that allows the cell to move longer distances B. Cell membrane: controls flow of nutrients into and out of the cell C. Cell wall: protects the cell (also found in eukaryotic plant cells) D. Capsule: found outside the cell wall; sticky structure that keeps bacteria from drying out E. Nucleoid: region of the cell where the genetic material is located F. Cytoplasm: fluid that fills the cell G. Ribosomes: make proteins for the cell H. Cilia: small, hair-like projections that allow the cell to move small amounts