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Transcript
Cytoskeleton & Movement Do Now: 11/11 (Week 12) OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe and distinguish structures for cell movement: cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia. 2. Describe and distinguish the structures of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, tubulin microtubules, and centrioles/centrosome TASK: 1. Pass forward week 11 Do Nows. 2. Construct a protein production flowchart showing the cell parts and materials used. Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton • Just like your body has a skeleton to maintain its shape and size, cells have a cytoskeleton to do the same thing. • Microfilaments are the smallest strands of the cytoskeleton • Microfilaments are a polymer of a protein called actin. • They’re used for cell movement and muscle contraction • Microtubules are larger strands and are thicker and stronger. • Microtubules are hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles Organize Cell’s Internal Space • The centrioles are the cell part from which the microtubules of the cytoskeleton grow. • The position of the centrioles determines the location of the nucleus, cell shape, and the location of flagella and cilia in Eukaryotic cells that have these. • NOT found in: prokaryotes, most plants, fungi. – Eukaryotic cell types have a tubulin network attached to different protein structures MTOC, usually around the nucleus) – Prokaryotes use different cytoskeletal proteins Cell Part: Centrosome & Centrioles • FUNCTION: The centrioles (2 per centrosome) are responsible for coordinating the division of chromosomes during cell division AND organizing the cytoskeleton. • During cell division, spindle fibers move chromosomes apart. Spindle fibers are microtubules. Centriole Structure: Interesting Biogeometry (9-triplet microtubules) Movement • Some cells move using organelles called cilia and flagella • Cilia are small hair-like structures on the outside of a cell. • If a cell has cilia, it always has a lot of them! • Cilia (and flagella) are made of microtubules bundled together. (9 doublet + 2 single) • Flagella are much bigger than cilia, and cells that have them only have a few. One More Way to Move: Pseudopodia • Means “false foot” • Think blob How do cells move? • Cilia: many tiny beating “hairs.” • Flagella: a few long, whip-like propellers. • Pseudopodia: flow from 1 spot to another. • Do The Dance…. Movement in Animals • What body systems work together to make you move? • How is that similar to the cell systems we just learned about? Homework • On Syllabus