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Transcript
Cell Organelle Notes Cytoskeleton • Organizes ____________________ • • Motility (inside & outside) – • Cytoskeleton interacting with ______________________________________ Transfer mechanical force into cells Cytoskeleton Structure • Microtubules – Largest of all cytoskeleton structures – Hollow tubes made of – – – Act as tracks for – Guide chromosomes during cell division – • • Intermediate – Made up of various fibrous proteins that supercoil – Reinforce – Anchor organelles and – Permanent Microfilaments – Smallest of cytoskeleton – Made of _________________ – Twisted, ___________________ – Can be __________________________ – Forms 3D network to support cell shape – Maintain tension (pulling force) – With myosin, produce Cilia & Flagella • Flagellum – • Cilia – – Some may act as antenna • • All vertebrate animal cells have primary cilia • Used in embryonic • • Learning more about it Mechanism – 9 microtubules attached to basal body – Same structure as centrioles (later…) – Use dyneins to cause the cilia/flagella to ________________ Organelles Learning Check: Using the information from your notes, fill the following table out. Function Name of organelle/structure Site of Protein Synthesis. Protein “factory”. Rough ER Function Name of organelle/structure Site of rRNA production. Double-membrane. Separates cell from the outside environment. Nuclear Pores Lysosome Neutralizes hydrogen peroxide. Long microtubule, responsible for movement. Cell Wall Site of cellular respiration Chloroplast Gel-like substance found in nucleus Threadlike strands found in nondividing nucleus Nuclear membrane Sac-like structure, stores water and other substances. Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Chromosome Gel-like substance, carries organelles Made of microtubules and microfilaments, gives structure to the cell Cell Surface: Plant Cells • • Only in Plant cells • Channels through cell wall & ___________________ • Allows cytoplasm to “touch” – Exchange small _______________________ Animal Cells • • • Tight Junctions – Bind membranes tightly – Cells tightly pressed & linked knitted together by _________________ – Leakproof sheets Anchoring junctions (Desmosomes) – “Rivets” bind cells – Strengthen cells against ________________________________ – Common in tissues that stretch Gap Junctions – Similar to _____________________ – Channels—permit exchange of ions & ________________________