Epithelium and mucus
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, more commonly known as
... than the wild-type organisms (Petras et al., 1995; Tatum et al., 1998; Highlander et al., 2000; Dassanayake et al., 2009). Lkt produced by M. haemolytica is a member of the RTX (repeats in toxin) family of toxins produced by a number of Gram-negative bacteria. Toxins of the RTX family lyse their ta ...
... than the wild-type organisms (Petras et al., 1995; Tatum et al., 1998; Highlander et al., 2000; Dassanayake et al., 2009). Lkt produced by M. haemolytica is a member of the RTX (repeats in toxin) family of toxins produced by a number of Gram-negative bacteria. Toxins of the RTX family lyse their ta ...
Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins
... presence of ATP actin subunits constantly associate to the barbed end and travel through the whole filament until they dissociate from the pointed end [22]. This behavior has been termed treadmilling or actin cycling and represents for a number of motile processes the sole basis for force generation ...
... presence of ATP actin subunits constantly associate to the barbed end and travel through the whole filament until they dissociate from the pointed end [22]. This behavior has been termed treadmilling or actin cycling and represents for a number of motile processes the sole basis for force generation ...
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... Nitrosomonas mobilis is an important and dominant AOB in various wastewater treatment systems. However, the detailed physiological and genomic properties of N. mobilis have not been thoroughly investigated because of limited success isolating pure cultures. This study investigated the key physiologi ...
... Nitrosomonas mobilis is an important and dominant AOB in various wastewater treatment systems. However, the detailed physiological and genomic properties of N. mobilis have not been thoroughly investigated because of limited success isolating pure cultures. This study investigated the key physiologi ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... 2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Angiotensin II AT1 r ...
... 2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Angiotensin II AT1 r ...
... adhesion molecules, such as hemagglutinin, which interacts with sialic acid exposed on human tissues, and lesscharacterized adhesion molecules that interact with host extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules[12,23,26,27]. Among H. pylori virulence factors, LPS plays a special role due to its unique stru ...
Interaction with Autologous Platelets Multiplies Interleukin
... alone, augment the production of IL-la and TNF-a by PBMC stimulated by LPS at low concentrations. Platelets not treated with thrombin, activated 25%-30% for P-selectin expression, enhanced IL-la production 6- to 14-fold and TNF-a production 3-fold when coincubated with PBMC and LPS for 8 h. Effect o ...
... alone, augment the production of IL-la and TNF-a by PBMC stimulated by LPS at low concentrations. Platelets not treated with thrombin, activated 25%-30% for P-selectin expression, enhanced IL-la production 6- to 14-fold and TNF-a production 3-fold when coincubated with PBMC and LPS for 8 h. Effect o ...
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
... ferrous or ferric iron will overcome egg white inhibition of this organism (Schade and Caroline, (19)). Casein stimulates the action of lysozyme according to Paikina (20), who reasoned that some component other than glycine was responsible for the effect noted, since this amino acid is not present i ...
... ferrous or ferric iron will overcome egg white inhibition of this organism (Schade and Caroline, (19)). Casein stimulates the action of lysozyme according to Paikina (20), who reasoned that some component other than glycine was responsible for the effect noted, since this amino acid is not present i ...
Arabidopsis VILLIN4 is involved in root hair growth through
... 1999). Both P-135-ABP and P-115-ABP colocalize with actin filament bundles in the transvacuolar strands and the subcortical regions within the root hair cells of Hydrocharis dubia (Tominaga et al., 2000; Yokota et al., 2003). Microinjection of the antiserum against P-115-ABP or P-135-ABP into living ...
... 1999). Both P-135-ABP and P-115-ABP colocalize with actin filament bundles in the transvacuolar strands and the subcortical regions within the root hair cells of Hydrocharis dubia (Tominaga et al., 2000; Yokota et al., 2003). Microinjection of the antiserum against P-115-ABP or P-135-ABP into living ...
The Influence of Certain Trace Metals on Bacterial
... experiments with this organism in the absence of Cu2+,Zn2+ and Mo042-, Mn2+ (25 ,UM)antagonized the uptake of Mg2+at concentrations of less than 0.5 ,ug./d. and, at the lowest levels of Mg2+,caused the liberation of this cation from the cells of the noculum. This antagonism, however, was not consist ...
... experiments with this organism in the absence of Cu2+,Zn2+ and Mo042-, Mn2+ (25 ,UM)antagonized the uptake of Mg2+at concentrations of less than 0.5 ,ug./d. and, at the lowest levels of Mg2+,caused the liberation of this cation from the cells of the noculum. This antagonism, however, was not consist ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of most proteins found within OMVs does not reflect their p ...
... Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of most proteins found within OMVs does not reflect their p ...
Roles of maltodextrin and glycogen phosphorylases in maltose
... on glucose and other sugars as a source of carbon and energy. Apart from the debranching enzyme GlgX, which is required for the formation of maltodextrins from glycogen, a-glucan phosphorylases were assumed to be involved in glycogen degradation, forming a-glucose 1phosphate from glycogen and from m ...
... on glucose and other sugars as a source of carbon and energy. Apart from the debranching enzyme GlgX, which is required for the formation of maltodextrins from glycogen, a-glucan phosphorylases were assumed to be involved in glycogen degradation, forming a-glucose 1phosphate from glycogen and from m ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria consist of lipids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides and other molecules. OMVs are associated with several biological functions such as horizontal gene transfer, intracellular and intercellular communication, transfer of contents to hos ...
... Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria consist of lipids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides and other molecules. OMVs are associated with several biological functions such as horizontal gene transfer, intracellular and intercellular communication, transfer of contents to hos ...
The Role of the Terminal and Subterminal Oxidation
... they grew rapidly and did not flocculate in liquid culture; the third strain used in this investigation (PrI03) was a gift from Dr D. I. Stirling (Celanese Research Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA). All three strains were very similar. Colonies were pink when grown on propane/AMS agar plates but growth ...
... they grew rapidly and did not flocculate in liquid culture; the third strain used in this investigation (PrI03) was a gift from Dr D. I. Stirling (Celanese Research Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA). All three strains were very similar. Colonies were pink when grown on propane/AMS agar plates but growth ...
Bring Inquiry into Your Classroom with the pGLO Plasmid - Bio-Rad
... Bring Inquiry into Your Classroom The 20 Question Approach ...
... Bring Inquiry into Your Classroom The 20 Question Approach ...
Mathematical Biology
... Assuming a one dimensional geometry is a simplification for mathematical tractability at this preliminary modelling stage. It is suitable for describing filopodia, but may not be as accurate for a lamellipod where the filaments have more variance in their orientation. Behaviour at the membrane. We a ...
... Assuming a one dimensional geometry is a simplification for mathematical tractability at this preliminary modelling stage. It is suitable for describing filopodia, but may not be as accurate for a lamellipod where the filaments have more variance in their orientation. Behaviour at the membrane. We a ...
Airway Epithelial Surfaces Neutrophil Capture and Killing Bacteria
... recruited from the blood to kill bacteria. As compared with alveolar pneumonias, neutrophils in airway infections have to penetrate mucus and move in three dimensions to capture and kill bacteria. However, there have been no investigations of neutrophil function in the three-dimensional environment ...
... recruited from the blood to kill bacteria. As compared with alveolar pneumonias, neutrophils in airway infections have to penetrate mucus and move in three dimensions to capture and kill bacteria. However, there have been no investigations of neutrophil function in the three-dimensional environment ...
Inositol trisphosphate and calcium oscillations
... the entry of external Ca2+, which may or may not depend on InsP3. The main purpose of this entry mechanism is to increase the inward Ca2+ current (ICa) that then begins to load the store. The gradual increase in the concentration of Ca2+ within the lumen of the ER then sensitizes the InsP3Rs to the ...
... the entry of external Ca2+, which may or may not depend on InsP3. The main purpose of this entry mechanism is to increase the inward Ca2+ current (ICa) that then begins to load the store. The gradual increase in the concentration of Ca2+ within the lumen of the ER then sensitizes the InsP3Rs to the ...
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife
... eLife digest Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacteria that causes disease. Infections often do not produce any obvious symptoms, but can lead to infertility or other severe problems if left untreated. This microbe is also the leading cause of blindness by an infectious ...
... eLife digest Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacteria that causes disease. Infections often do not produce any obvious symptoms, but can lead to infertility or other severe problems if left untreated. This microbe is also the leading cause of blindness by an infectious ...
BMC Microbiology Biofilm formation as a novel phenotypic feature of Escherichia coli
... Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic-relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The incidence rate varies from 1 to 20 cases per 105 people per year and is still rising in some countries [1]. Although the aetiology of CD remains elusive to date, it is ...
... Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic-relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The incidence rate varies from 1 to 20 cases per 105 people per year and is still rising in some countries [1]. Although the aetiology of CD remains elusive to date, it is ...
Receptor Regulation of the Volume-Sensitive Efflux of Taurine and
... al., 2004, 2006), and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 in human 1321N1 astrocytoma and rat astrocytes (Cheema et al., 2005). In each case, Ca2⫹ availability and PKC activity are required for the maximum release of organic osmolytes. The goals of the present study were 2-fold: first, to determin ...
... al., 2004, 2006), and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 in human 1321N1 astrocytoma and rat astrocytes (Cheema et al., 2005). In each case, Ca2⫹ availability and PKC activity are required for the maximum release of organic osmolytes. The goals of the present study were 2-fold: first, to determin ...
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... various bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. PHA producing bacteria from activated sludge and soil were isolated, characterized and screened by Sudan Black staining method. All the potential PHA producers were isolated, ...
... various bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. PHA producing bacteria from activated sludge and soil were isolated, characterized and screened by Sudan Black staining method. All the potential PHA producers were isolated, ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... cholerae wild type strain C6706 as a 102 kDa protein that due to autoproteolytic cleavages also resulted in two shorter forms (81 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively) with protease activity [9]. It was suggested that all three forms are physiologically important. Immunoblot analysis was used to confirm tha ...
... cholerae wild type strain C6706 as a 102 kDa protein that due to autoproteolytic cleavages also resulted in two shorter forms (81 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively) with protease activity [9]. It was suggested that all three forms are physiologically important. Immunoblot analysis was used to confirm tha ...
Survival in Animal Cells Requires ppGpp for Internalization and
... an alternative route independent of SPI-1 is responsible for the uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesti ...
... an alternative route independent of SPI-1 is responsible for the uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesti ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.