Left–right asymmetry: cilia stir up new surprises in the node
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
NMDA Receptor Function and Physiological Modulation
... glycine-sensitive, a glycine-insensitive, and a calciumdependent type. The glycine-sensitive desensitization refers to the transition of the NMDA receptor into a glutamate-bound closed state, reflecting a negative allosteric interaction between the glutamate and the glycine binding sites, which resu ...
... glycine-sensitive, a glycine-insensitive, and a calciumdependent type. The glycine-sensitive desensitization refers to the transition of the NMDA receptor into a glutamate-bound closed state, reflecting a negative allosteric interaction between the glutamate and the glycine binding sites, which resu ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... Extracellular cellulose microfibrils have also been proposed to play a role in the attachment of certain bacteria to plant cells (23, 26). The production of extracellular microfibrils by Agrobacterium tumefaciens leads to a firm cell-cell adhesion after its initial attachment to its plant host (23). ...
... Extracellular cellulose microfibrils have also been proposed to play a role in the attachment of certain bacteria to plant cells (23, 26). The production of extracellular microfibrils by Agrobacterium tumefaciens leads to a firm cell-cell adhesion after its initial attachment to its plant host (23). ...
R on Dendritic Cells - The Journal of Immunology
... 8). CRP interacts with the immune system by activating the classical complement pathway leading to opsonization (9, 10) and by direct binding to receptors on leukocytes leading to phagocytosis and cytokine synthesis. We established the identity of the leukocyte receptors for CRP as Fc␥RI and II for ...
... 8). CRP interacts with the immune system by activating the classical complement pathway leading to opsonization (9, 10) and by direct binding to receptors on leukocytes leading to phagocytosis and cytokine synthesis. We established the identity of the leukocyte receptors for CRP as Fc␥RI and II for ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... reported worldwide.10,11 In order to surmount these problems, we made use of a novel polyelectrolyte capsule-based drug delivery system to improve antibiotic efficacy in Salmonella infection. Polyelectrolyte capsules have been used as a unique method of drug encapsulation12 – 14 to ensure a sustaine ...
... reported worldwide.10,11 In order to surmount these problems, we made use of a novel polyelectrolyte capsule-based drug delivery system to improve antibiotic efficacy in Salmonella infection. Polyelectrolyte capsules have been used as a unique method of drug encapsulation12 – 14 to ensure a sustaine ...
Supplementary Data - Institute of Cancer Research
... and resolution kinetics differ. In particular, innocuous polymeric PGN induces a more efficient immune resolution than TCT 17, 21. The underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown, but likely involves regulation of IMD pathway signalling. Peptidoglycan-triggered activation of the IMD pathway in Dr ...
... and resolution kinetics differ. In particular, innocuous polymeric PGN induces a more efficient immune resolution than TCT 17, 21. The underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown, but likely involves regulation of IMD pathway signalling. Peptidoglycan-triggered activation of the IMD pathway in Dr ...
Physiology of phototrophic iron(II)-oxidizing bacteria: implications for
... occurred] were determined for strain KoFox with light saturation already below 50 lux. The oxidation rate per cell was determined for R. ferrooxidans strain SW2 to be 32 pmol Fe(II) h1 per cell. No significant toxic effect of Fe(II) was observed at Fe(II) concentrations of up to 30 mM. All three st ...
... occurred] were determined for strain KoFox with light saturation already below 50 lux. The oxidation rate per cell was determined for R. ferrooxidans strain SW2 to be 32 pmol Fe(II) h1 per cell. No significant toxic effect of Fe(II) was observed at Fe(II) concentrations of up to 30 mM. All three st ...
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
... salicylate addition, with no biosurfactant addition, increased the total degradation of phenanthrene 30% more than liquid systems with only biosurfactant addition. In soil slurries, small amounts of biosurfactant (0.25 g/L) showed a significant increase in total removal when only biosurfactant was a ...
... salicylate addition, with no biosurfactant addition, increased the total degradation of phenanthrene 30% more than liquid systems with only biosurfactant addition. In soil slurries, small amounts of biosurfactant (0.25 g/L) showed a significant increase in total removal when only biosurfactant was a ...
as a PDF
... of A. brasilense cells exposed to physical and chemical stresses was performed, with the aim of understanding how central parameters such as quality, longevity, reliability, and efficacy of commercial bacterial inoculants for agricultural uses can be improved. After exposure of A. brasilense to stre ...
... of A. brasilense cells exposed to physical and chemical stresses was performed, with the aim of understanding how central parameters such as quality, longevity, reliability, and efficacy of commercial bacterial inoculants for agricultural uses can be improved. After exposure of A. brasilense to stre ...
Relish and the Regulation of Antimicrobial Drosophila melanogaster
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a powerful model system in which to study the immune response. When microorganisms breach the mechanical barrier of the insect, phagocytosing cells and a battery of induced antimicrobial molecules rapidly attack them. These antimicrobial peptides can re ...
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a powerful model system in which to study the immune response. When microorganisms breach the mechanical barrier of the insect, phagocytosing cells and a battery of induced antimicrobial molecules rapidly attack them. These antimicrobial peptides can re ...
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sheath of a Blue
... tetroxide fixed material from cultures in Knop medium the sheath was readily seen in ultrathin sections. In young vigorously growing cultures it showed a dense striate structure next to the cells (Pl. 2, fig. 7; P1.3, fig. 9). Progressively further out from the cells the striae became looser and mor ...
... tetroxide fixed material from cultures in Knop medium the sheath was readily seen in ultrathin sections. In young vigorously growing cultures it showed a dense striate structure next to the cells (Pl. 2, fig. 7; P1.3, fig. 9). Progressively further out from the cells the striae became looser and mor ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen, 1998) blocks Ca2+ spiking induced by this hormone (Cancela et al., 1998). It is not known whether cADPR receptor ...
... (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen, 1998) blocks Ca2+ spiking induced by this hormone (Cancela et al., 1998). It is not known whether cADPR receptor ...
Vasopressin-stimulated Ca2 spiking in vascular smooth muscle cells
... P-450 (5–20 M methoxsalen or 1 mM 1-aminobenzotriazole) were ineffective in preventing AVP-stimulated Ca2⫹-spiking activity although some had modest stimulatory effects (data not shown). Ketoconazole (10 M), a widely used cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, slightly inhibited AVP-induced Ca2⫹ spiking, but ...
... P-450 (5–20 M methoxsalen or 1 mM 1-aminobenzotriazole) were ineffective in preventing AVP-stimulated Ca2⫹-spiking activity although some had modest stimulatory effects (data not shown). Ketoconazole (10 M), a widely used cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, slightly inhibited AVP-induced Ca2⫹ spiking, but ...
Dictyostelium discoideum mutant synag 7 with altered G
... P]GTP (37-94 C i m m o r 1 ) was purchased from New England Nuclear, cyclic AMP, ATP, ATPyS, AppNHp, GTP, creatine phosphate and creatine kinase were obtained from BoehringerMannheim. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma. Culture conditions and membrane isolation The s ...
... P]GTP (37-94 C i m m o r 1 ) was purchased from New England Nuclear, cyclic AMP, ATP, ATPyS, AppNHp, GTP, creatine phosphate and creatine kinase were obtained from BoehringerMannheim. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma. Culture conditions and membrane isolation The s ...
Full-Text PDF
... on the surface of sedimentary rocks in mountain streams, the “glycocalyx” prevents washing out of the attached bacteria” and provides a conveyor band-similar situation “in which the water flow supplies nutrients to the sedimentary organisms even at low concentrations”. They too confirmed the role of ...
... on the surface of sedimentary rocks in mountain streams, the “glycocalyx” prevents washing out of the attached bacteria” and provides a conveyor band-similar situation “in which the water flow supplies nutrients to the sedimentary organisms even at low concentrations”. They too confirmed the role of ...
Microbiology Focus 6.1 - The Role of - Sigma
... compound used against MRSA, may be of importance when treating serious infections by these bacteria, however, its activity against MRSA is only bacteriostatic. In these circumstances, the clinical potential of new drugs for treating MRSA infections is of major interest.1 Moreover, despite the fact t ...
... compound used against MRSA, may be of importance when treating serious infections by these bacteria, however, its activity against MRSA is only bacteriostatic. In these circumstances, the clinical potential of new drugs for treating MRSA infections is of major interest.1 Moreover, despite the fact t ...
Microbial Cell Factories
... attachment and colonization by rhizobia follow the twophase sequence of events previously described for bacteria in general [1]. Several bacterial proteins, such as adhesins, and flagellar proteins [2,3], have been proposed to be important factors for the early reversible, specific binding events, w ...
... attachment and colonization by rhizobia follow the twophase sequence of events previously described for bacteria in general [1]. Several bacterial proteins, such as adhesins, and flagellar proteins [2,3], have been proposed to be important factors for the early reversible, specific binding events, w ...
The Ecological Role of Type Three Secretion Systems in the
... Moreover, so-called effector proteins are often encoded by a T3SS gene region, which – upon extrusion via the T3SS, may modulate the physiology of recipient cells. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that often T3SS proteins from one bacterial group are related to the ones from other bacteria, rather than ...
... Moreover, so-called effector proteins are often encoded by a T3SS gene region, which – upon extrusion via the T3SS, may modulate the physiology of recipient cells. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that often T3SS proteins from one bacterial group are related to the ones from other bacteria, rather than ...
MIKROBIOT 2013.indb
... immunology. We are proud that outstanding experts in these fields have accepted our invitation to present plenary lectures. We hope to provide a meeting atmosphere conductive to constructive interactions of leading senior scientists with young researchers, students and postdoctoral fellows. The edi ...
... immunology. We are proud that outstanding experts in these fields have accepted our invitation to present plenary lectures. We hope to provide a meeting atmosphere conductive to constructive interactions of leading senior scientists with young researchers, students and postdoctoral fellows. The edi ...
Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... (DMSO) treatment. As shown in Fig. 1C, most of undifferentiated PLB-985 cells did not express ILT4 on their surface. However, ILT4 expression was detected on neutrophil-like cells after treatment with DMF or DMSO (70.05 ± 1.55% and 88.10 ± 1.27%, respectively, at day 5, vs. 0.78 ± 0.45% at day 0; P ...
... (DMSO) treatment. As shown in Fig. 1C, most of undifferentiated PLB-985 cells did not express ILT4 on their surface. However, ILT4 expression was detected on neutrophil-like cells after treatment with DMF or DMSO (70.05 ± 1.55% and 88.10 ± 1.27%, respectively, at day 5, vs. 0.78 ± 0.45% at day 0; P ...
Interleukin-6 in Sepsis and Capillary Leakage Syndrome - Labor
... Is there a link between IL-6 and vascular leakage during sepsis? In a visionary paper published in 1997, Ciliberto and coworkers showed that vascular endothelial cells express gp130 but not IL-6R and respond to trans-signaling by IL6/ sIL-6R (Romano and others 1997). In sepsis, considerable amounts ...
... Is there a link between IL-6 and vascular leakage during sepsis? In a visionary paper published in 1997, Ciliberto and coworkers showed that vascular endothelial cells express gp130 but not IL-6R and respond to trans-signaling by IL6/ sIL-6R (Romano and others 1997). In sepsis, considerable amounts ...
Microfluidic based Sample Preparation for Bloodstream Infections
... Microfluidics promises to re-shape the current health-care system by transferring diagnostic tools from central laboratories to close vicinity of the patient (point-of-care). One of the most important operational steps in any diagnostic platform is sample preparation, which is the main subject in th ...
... Microfluidics promises to re-shape the current health-care system by transferring diagnostic tools from central laboratories to close vicinity of the patient (point-of-care). One of the most important operational steps in any diagnostic platform is sample preparation, which is the main subject in th ...
Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... not the case for chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells of finger millet as already described (Kobayashi et al., 2009). Although there are several reports on microtubuledependent chloroplast movement in algae (Mizukami and Wada, 1981; Maekawa et al., 1986; Menzel and Schliwa, 1986) and a moss (Sato ...
... not the case for chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells of finger millet as already described (Kobayashi et al., 2009). Although there are several reports on microtubuledependent chloroplast movement in algae (Mizukami and Wada, 1981; Maekawa et al., 1986; Menzel and Schliwa, 1986) and a moss (Sato ...
- Wiley Online Library
... with B. anammoxidans revealed a good correlation between the metabolic activity and the ISR concentrations, demonstrating the ISR targeting FISH to be a powerful method for the detection of activity changes in slow-growing bacteria [31]. 2.3. Ecophysiology The ultrastructure of B. anammoxidans has m ...
... with B. anammoxidans revealed a good correlation between the metabolic activity and the ISR concentrations, demonstrating the ISR targeting FISH to be a powerful method for the detection of activity changes in slow-growing bacteria [31]. 2.3. Ecophysiology The ultrastructure of B. anammoxidans has m ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.