* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Notes on Mutations - Solon City Schools
Neocentromere wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Human Chromosomes Humans have _______ chromosomes organized into ______ pairs. There are two types: 1. Sex chromosomesa. XXb. XY2. Autosomal chromosomes- (aka autosomes) Karyotype- A picture of a person’s genome. Chromosomes are organized into homologous pairs. What is a mutation? Mutations Mutations vary based on what type of cell they occur in and how much of the chromosome is affected. I. Two types of cells in a human bodyGerm Cells- Somatic Cells- II. Chromosomal vs. Gene/DNA mutations Gene/DNA mutations- Ex’s- Chromosomal mutations- Ex’s MUTATIONS IN THE DNA As one can imagine, the process of protein synthesis does encounter errors from time to time. Many of these errors in the final sequence of amino acids can be traced back to errors in the original strand of DNA. The following sheet will examine various errors and their effect on the primary sequence of protein structure and ultimately the final shape and function of the protein. P I. O SUBSTITUTIONS: As the name implies, a substitution mutation changes one or more nucleotides in original DNA sequence. The ramifications of this type of mutation vary from going unnoticed to completely changing the final shape of the protein. I NORMAL STRAND OF DNA: N A. SUBSTITUTED BASE PAIR: TACTTTGACGTGACT Name___________________ T TACTTCGACGTGACT Effect M U B. SUBSTITUTED BASE PAIR: TACATCGACGTGACT Name___________________ T A Effect T I C. SUBSTITUTED BASE PAIR: TACTCCGACGTGACT Name___________________ O N Effect S II. F R INSERTION: This type of mutation involves the addition, not substitution of a nucleotide, in the original strand of DNA. NORMAL STRAND OF DNA: TACTTCGACGTGACT INSERTION A M E S H I F T III. DELETION: This type of mutation involves the removal of one or more of the nucleotides in the original strand of DNA. NORMAL STRAND OF DNA: DELETION: TACTTCGACGTGACT CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS The mutations on the front are problems in the nucleotides of the DNA molecule. Entire chromosomes encounter mutations as well. The pictures below depict some of these chromosomal mutations. Using the mutations listed below, see if you and your partner are able to identify the type of mutation pictured. Once you feel you have identified the type of mutation, please attempt to explain the mutation. THE MUTATIONS ARE…. A. B. C. D. A Insertion Translocation Deletion Inversion B D C Chromosome E BEFORE THE MUTATION AFTER THE MUTATION TYPE ONE: _______________________ A B D C E A C A B D E Explain: TYPE TWO: ________________________ A B C D E C E D D E Explain: TYPE THREE: _______________________ A B C D E A B C B C Explain: TYPE FOUR: ________________________ A B F C G Explain: D H E F A B C G D H E