Download DNA-RNA Review

RNA, DNA, & Proteins
Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review
Main enzyme involved in linking
nucleotides into DNA molecules
during replication
DNA polymerase
Another name for protein synthesis
translation
Sugar used to make DNA
dexoyribose
Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as
cytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus
eukaryote
Process in which the genetic code of
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in an
mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleus
prokaryote
Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine
and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar,
nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Principle that hydrogen bonds can
only form between certain nitrogen bases
Base pairing
Group of three nucleotide bases on a
t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
Process of making proteins from an
RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)
What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
A = T
G = C
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Region of DNA where RNA polymerase
binds to start transcription
promoter
Bonds between nitrogen bases that
hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct
amino acid to the growing protein
chain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasm
made of rRNA and proteins where
protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes
Type of RNA that combines with
proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules
ribose
Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates
the strands, and assembles nucleotide
subunits into an RNA molecule
RNA polymerase
Macromolecule made by joining
nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Another name for a protein chain
polypeptide
Macromolecule made by joining amino
acid subunits together
protein
Name the woman scientist whose X-ray
images of DNA helped James Watson
and Francis Crick figure out the structure
of DNA
ROSALYN FRANKLIN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin
http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
DNA
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
A,T,C,G
No Uracil
RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
A,U,C,G
No thymine
Contains genetic code
Stays in nucleus
Carries code from
nucleus to cytoplasm
Helps with protein
synthesis
Making a DNA copy = _____________
replication
Using DNA code to
transcription
make an RNA = ___________________
Using an RNA message
translation
to make a protein = _______________
Name the two scientists received the
Nobel prize for figuring out
the structure of DNA
JAMES WATSON &
FRANCIS CRICK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin
http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
DNA → DNA
= _____________
replication
DNA → RNA = ___________________
transcription
translation
RNA → protein = _______________
Name this subunit used to build
nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
If this was going to make RNA what
sugar would be used?
ribose
Which nitrogen base
THYMINE
could NOT be used?
Name this subunit used to build
nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
If this was going to make DNA what
sugar would be used?
deoxyribose
Which nitrogen base
URACIL
could NOT be used?
Tell what nitrogen base these
letters stand for
_____________=
ADENINE A
_____________
GUANINE = G
_____________
CYTOSINE = C
______________
THYMINE = T
URACIL = U
______________
Which molecules make up the
backbone (sides of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Sugar
and phosphates
Image from:
http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg
Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are
called ______________
A
G
Purines
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Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are
called ______________
C
Pyrimidines
T
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Hydrogen
_____________
bonds
between nitrogen bases
hold the two strands
together.
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
New strand
Original
strand
DNA
polymerase
Growth
DNA
polymerase
Growth
Replication
fork
Replication
fork
New strand
Original
strand
Nitrogenous
bases
The sites where strand separation and
replication forks
replication occur are called _____________
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
RIBOSOMAL
_________________RNA
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
TRANSFER
_________________RNA
Matches m-RNA codon to add correct
amino acids during protein synthesis
_________________RNA
MESSENGER
carries code from DNA to ribosomes
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
mRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
Use the mRNA codon wheel to determine
the amino acid being coded for:
proline
C C A =___________
arginine
C G U = __________
phenylalanine
U U C = __________
alanine
G C A = __________
STOP
U A G = __________
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
RIBOSOMAL
_________________RNA
TRANSFER
_________________RNA
MESSENGER
_________________RNA
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
mRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
NUCLEUS
A= _________
m-RNA
B= _________
amino acid
ribosome
C= _________
t-RNA
D= ___________
codon
F= _____________
acid
G = Amino
__________________
Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved