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NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids: large macromolecule ( polymer ) made up of subunits ( monomers ) called NUCLEOTIDES General structure of a nucleotide : 3 main parts : a) FIVE carbon sugar ( ribose or deoxyribose ) b) a PHOSPHATE group c) an organic NITROGEN – containing component : a NITOGEN BASE Nuclotides are different due to their NITROGEN BASE • • • • • A - ADENINE T – THYMINE C – CYTOSINE G – GUANINE U – URACIL ( found in DNA only ) ( found in RNA only ) Two types of Nucleic Acids 1. DNA : DeoxyriboNucleic Acid 2. RNA : RiboNucleic Acid DNA Structure : - a DOUBLE HELIX – resembles a ladder twisted like a spiral staircase – TWO strands of nucleotides held together by HYDROGEN BONDS and matched up according to the BASE – PAIRING RULES – sugar - deoxyribose BASE PAIRING RULES : A=T C=G for DNA A=U C=G for RNA If the chromosomes ( DNA ) in the nucleus of a cell contain 20 % THYMINE , determine the amounts of the other nitrogen bases A = _____________ % G = ______________ % C = _____________ % FUNCTION OF DNA a) stores GENETIC ( hereditary ) information that is passed on from one generation to the next b) stores information for making PROTEIN GENE : the set of instuctions in DNA that codes a complete protein HUMAN GENOME PROJECT : ONE CELL 2 billion base pairs = 30 000 – 35 000 genes = 46 chromosomes DNA FOUND IN NUCLEUS ONLY RNA – ribonucleic acid STUCTURE : a) sugar – ribose b) ONE strand c) much shorter than DNA d) no THYMINE ( T ) , instead URACIL ( U ) A=U TYPES OF RNA : a) mRNA- messenger RNA b) tRNA – transfer RNA c) rRNA – ribosomal RNA FUNCTION : a) mRNA leaves nucleus with information from DNA to make a protein b) tRNA helps DECODE information to make protein by bringing the correct amino acid c) rRNA is part of the structure of a RIBOSOME RNA is found both in the NUCLEUS and the CYTOPLASM Use this website to help you answer the questions in the assigment http://www.science.nelson.com/0176265252/studentcentre.html