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Transcript
Plant and Animal Cells Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What is the difference between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles? 2. What is a cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, and vacuole ? Cell Images Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells All eukaryotic cells (has a nucleus) in which all the organelles are contained in membranes. Animal So what makes them different? Plant © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Organelle • Tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell. • Similar to the way the body’s organs perform different functions. © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Mitochondrion • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Mitochondrion • Vacuoles (sometimes) Nucleus Vacuoles © KeslerScience.com Cell Membrane Plant and Animal Cells Vacuoles Plant Cell Organelles • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Mitochondrion • Vacuoles • Chloroplast © KeslerScience.com Cytoplasm Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondrion Chloroplast Cell Membrane Plant and Animal Cells Cell Wall • Found in plant cells only • Rigid, strong, stiff outer layer • Supports the plant (allows it to grow tall) • Protects the cell • Allows water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass into and out of the cell. © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Cell Membrane • Found in both plant and animal cells • Plant – inside the cell wall • Animal – outer layer • Supports and protects the cell • Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell • Maintains homeostasis (condition of balance) © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus Animal • Found in both plant and animal cells • Large, oval shape in the center of animal cells and at the edge of plant cells • Controls cell activities (the brain) Plant • Controls hereditary materials © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Nucleolus • The nucleolus is located in the center of the nucleus of a cell. • The main components of the nucleolus are RNA, DNA and proteins. • The nucleolus has one main function. That main function is the production of subunits which then together form ribosomes © KeslerScience.com Animal Plant Quick Action – Plant and Animal Cells 1. Get with a friend and look at the pictures of animal cells and plant cell with their nucleus. 2. Sketch each type of cell and answer these questions. 3. What is the main difference you see in the two types of cells? 4. Why do you think plant cells need a cell wall as well as a cell membrane? 5. What would happen to plants if they did not have a cell wall? Animal © KeslerScience.com Plant Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm • Found in both plant and animal cells • Clear, thick jelly like material • Supports and protects cell organelles © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Mitochondrion • Found in both plant and animal cells • Bean-shaped with inner membranes • Breaks down sugar molecules into energy (ATP - the chemical energy of the cell) • “Power House” of the cell © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Chloroplast • Found in plant cells only • Green, oval • Contain chlorophyll (green pigment) • Uses energy from the sun to make food (sugar and oxygen) for the plant (photosynthesis). © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole • Found in all plant cells (large) •Store large amounts of food (sugars) and water • Sometimes found in animal cells (few and small) •Store food, water, metabolic and toxic waste • Fluid-filled sacs © KeslerScience.com Plant Vacuole Animal Plant and Animal Cells Plant Lysosomes •Plant and animal cells •Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts •When a cell dies, a lysosome’s membrane disintegrates. This releases digestive chemicals that allow the quick breakdown of the cell’s contents Animal © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Ribosome Plant • Make the cell’s own proteins • needed for chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm • Some float freely in the cytoplasm; others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. • Receive directions from hereditary material on how, when, and in what order to make specific proteins. © KeslerScience.com Animal Plant and Animal Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum • Extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane • Series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside of the cell • May be “rough” or “smooth.” © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum •ER that has no attached ribosomes is called “smooth” endoplasmic reticulum. •This type of ER processes other cellular substances such as lipids that store energy •Ribosomes are attached to areas on the “rough ER” where they carry out their job of making proteins. © KeslerScience.com Plant and Animal Cells Golgi Bodies Plant •After proteins are made in a cell they are transferred here •Sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures © KeslerScience.com Animal Plant and Animal Cells Centriole •Help the cell when it comes time to divide. •They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis. •You will usually find them near the nucleus but they cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing. © KeslerScience.com Check for Understanding Can you… 1. Tell the difference in the structure of plant and animal cells ? 2. Tell the difference in the function of plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast and vacuole? © KeslerScience.com