Download Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and Animal
Cells
Presented by Kesler Science
Essential Questions:
1. What is the difference between
structure and function in plant and
animal cell organelles?
2. What is a cell membrane, cell wall,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria,
chloroplast, and vacuole ?
Cell Images
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant and Animal Cells
All eukaryotic cells (has a
nucleus) in which all the
organelles are contained in
membranes.
Animal
So what makes them different?
Plant
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Plant and Animal Cells
Organelle
• Tiny cellular structure that
performs specific functions
within a cell.
• Similar to the way the body’s
organs perform different
functions.
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Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell Organelles
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
• Cell Membrane
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondrion
• Vacuoles (sometimes)
Nucleus
Vacuoles
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Cell Membrane
Plant and Animal Cells
Vacuoles
Plant Cell Organelles
• Cell Membrane
• Cell Wall
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondrion
• Vacuoles
• Chloroplast
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Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Wall
• Found in plant cells only
• Rigid, strong, stiff outer layer
• Supports the plant (allows it to
grow tall)
• Protects the cell
• Allows water, oxygen, and
carbon dioxide to pass into
and out of the cell.
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Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Membrane
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
• Plant – inside the cell wall
• Animal – outer layer
• Supports and protects
the cell
• Controls movement of
materials in and out of
the cell
• Maintains homeostasis
(condition of balance)
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Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus
Animal
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
• Large, oval shape in the center
of animal cells and at the edge
of plant cells
• Controls cell activities (the
brain)
Plant
• Controls hereditary materials
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Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleolus
• The nucleolus is located in the
center of the nucleus of a cell.
• The main components of the
nucleolus are RNA, DNA and
proteins.
• The nucleolus has one main
function. That main function is
the production of subunits
which then together form
ribosomes
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Animal
Plant
Quick Action – Plant and Animal Cells
1. Get with a friend and look at the pictures of animal cells and plant cell
with their nucleus.
2. Sketch each type of cell and answer these questions.
3. What is the main difference you see in the two types of cells?
4. Why do you think plant cells need a cell wall as well as a cell membrane?
5. What would happen to plants if they did not have a cell wall?
Animal
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Plant
Plant and Animal Cells
Cytoplasm
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
• Clear, thick jelly like material
• Supports and protects cell
organelles
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Plant and Animal Cells
Mitochondrion
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
• Bean-shaped with inner
membranes
• Breaks down sugar molecules
into energy (ATP - the
chemical energy of the cell)
• “Power House” of the cell
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Plant and Animal Cells
Chloroplast
• Found in plant cells only
• Green, oval
• Contain chlorophyll (green
pigment)
• Uses energy from the sun to
make food (sugar and oxygen)
for the plant (photosynthesis).
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Plant and Animal Cells
Vacuole
• Found in all plant cells (large)
•Store large amounts of food
(sugars) and water
• Sometimes found in animal
cells (few and small)
•Store food, water, metabolic
and toxic waste
• Fluid-filled sacs
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Plant
Vacuole
Animal
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Lysosomes
•Plant and animal cells
•Contain digestive chemicals that
help break down food molecules,
cell wastes, and worn-out cell
parts
•When a cell dies, a lysosome’s
membrane disintegrates. This
releases digestive chemicals that
allow the quick breakdown of the
cell’s contents
Animal
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Plant and Animal Cells
Ribosome
Plant
• Make the cell’s own proteins
• needed for chemical reactions that
take place in the cytoplasm
• Some float freely in the
cytoplasm; others are attached
to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Receive directions from
hereditary material on how,
when, and in what order to make
specific proteins.
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Animal
Plant and Animal Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Extends from the nucleus to the
cell membrane
• Series of folded membranes in
which materials can be
processed and moved around
inside of the cell
• May be “rough” or “smooth.”
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Plant and Animal Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•ER that has no attached
ribosomes is called “smooth”
endoplasmic reticulum.
•This type of ER processes other
cellular substances such as lipids
that store energy
•Ribosomes are attached to
areas on the “rough ER” where
they carry out their job of
making proteins.
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Plant and Animal Cells
Golgi Bodies
Plant
•After proteins are made in a
cell they are transferred here
•Sort proteins and other cellular
substances and package them
into membrane-bound
structures
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Animal
Plant and Animal Cells
Centriole
•Help the cell when it comes
time to divide.
•They are put to work in both
the process of mitosis and the
process of meiosis.
•You will usually find them near
the nucleus but they cannot
be seen when the cell is not
dividing.
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Check for Understanding
Can you…
1. Tell the difference in the structure of plant
and animal cells ?
2. Tell the difference in the function of plant and
animal cell organelles, including cell
membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm,
mitochondrion, chloroplast and vacuole?
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