Download Cell Wall - NVHSIntroBioPiper1

Warm-Up / EOC Prep
1. Structures that give support and shape to
plant cells are:
A microbodies
C nucleus
B golgi bodies
D cell walls
2. Ribosomes
A are the site of protein synthesis
B are made by other ribosomes
C have their own DNA
D none of the above
 If you have yet to do so, turn in the
Final Exam Review packet assigned
over break. It is late.
 If you borrowed a textbook, return
it before Friday!!
Agenda
 Warm-Up
 Notes- Cells and Biomolecules
 Review worksheets
 Clean-Up
 Cool-Down
EOC Review
DAY 2: ORGANIC MOLECULES AND CELLS
Objective 2.02-Cell theory
 The cell theory was developed with the help of the
light microscope
 The cell theory states that living organisms are
composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells
and cells are the basic units of structure and function
Cell theory
 1. All organisms composed of one or more cells.
 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
 Two major types of cells:
 Prokaryotic:
 no nucleus, no organelles, smaller, came first
 Ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm
 Eukaryotic:
 Nucleus, organelles, bigger, came second
Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic
Organelles
• Organelles = little organs that perform specific jobs
in the cell
• Organelles are found in eukaryotic cells but not
prokaryotic cells
• Plant and Animal cells are both examples of
eukaryotic cells with organelles
• Plant and Animal cells contain many of the same
organelles, but there are several differences
Plant vs. Animal Cells
 Plant Cells
 Animal Cells
Chloroplasts
2. Cell wall
3. Large vacuole
1.
1.
No Chloroplasts
2. No Cell wall
3. Small Vacuole
 1. Structures that give
support and shape to
plant cells are:
A microbodies
B golgi bodies
C nucleus
D cell walls
Organelles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
 Looks like: Central area
where DNA is found
 Job: controls the cell
 In a factory: Boss
Ribosomes
 Looks like: Small particles of RNA in the cytoplasm
and on the ER
 Job: make proteins (protein synthesis)
 In a factory: workers
Mitochondria
 Looks like: a bean
 Job: powerhouse of the
cell-it produces the
energy in the form of
ATP
 In a factory: generator
(energy source)
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
 Looks like: green stacks
of membranes the
contain chlorophyll
 Job: perform
photosynthesis (convert
sunlight into energy)
 In the factory:
greenhouse
Vacuole
 Looks like: sac-like organ. HUGE in plant cells
 Job: stores water, food, and waste
 In a factory: storage room
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 Looks like: internal membrane system next to the
nucleus (rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does
not)
 Job: transports materials
 In a factory: conveyor belt
Golgi Apparatus
 Looks like: stack of membranes
 Job: Packs, sorts, and ships
 In a factory: packaging center
Plasma Membrane
 Looks like: layered membrane (called a lipid
bilayer) surrounding the cell but inside of the cell
wall
 Job: “the regulator”-controls what comes in and
out of the cell, protects, and supports the cell
 In a factory: security guards
Cell Wall
 Looks like: thick layer outside the plasma
membrane
 Job: structure and support
 In a factory: Cement wall
 1. Ribosomes
A are the site of protein synthesis
B are made by other ribosomes
C have their own DNA
D none of the above
 2. The mitochondrion of the cell
 A has only one membrane
 B has no membrane
 C is circular
 D is where cellular respiration occurs
 3. The storage of hereditary information in a
eukaryotic cell is in the
A cytoplasm
B nucleus
C centrioles
D lysosomes
Objective 2.01-Organic Molecules
• “Organic” = has carbon
• “Inorganic” = no carbon
• Monomer + Monomer + Monomer = Polymer
• Monomer of proteins = amino acids
• Monomer of lipids = fatty acids
• Monomer of nucleic acids = nucleotides
• Monomer of carbohydrates = sugar
• Example: starch is made up of glucose
Testing for organic molecules
 Benedicts-test for sugar
 Iodine-tests for starch-turns blue
 Brown paper test-tests for lipids-becomes
translucent with lipids
 1. Nucleotides are to nucleic acids as amino acids are
to…
A DNA
B polypeptides
C proteins
D carbohydrates
Objective 2.04-Enzymes
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts
to speed up chemical reactions
• Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation
energy
• Enzymes can be affected by the following factors:
1. Temperature
2. pH
• Extreme temperature or changes in pH cause
enzymes to denature (become destroyed)
 1. enzymes are
A catalysts used by living things
B catalysts used in all reactions
C chemicals used to increase activation energy
D fats used by living things to help speed up chemical reactions
 2. Enzymes
A function at any temperature and pH
B function at an optimum temperature and pH
C function at a temperature of 98.6F and a pH of 7
D function at a temperature of 96.8F and a pH of 1-14
 Levels of organization:
 Celltissueorganorgan system
 Muscle cellheart muscleheartcirculatory
system
 1. A ______________ is a group of different
tissues that work together to perform a certain
function
A organ system
B organ
C cell
D tissue
 2. Which of the following is part of the cell theory?
A are eukaryotic
B are prokaryotic
C have nuclei
D come from other cells
Objective 2.01-Biomolecules
Biomolecule
Building Block
Elements
Function
Examples
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
(simple sugar)
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Primary (fast)
Sugar,
source of energy starch
Lipid
Fatty acids
(insoluble in water
–hydrophobic)
Carbon,
hydrogen
Insulation,
protection, long
term energy
source
Oil, wax
Protein
Amino Acids (held
together by peptide
bonds)
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen,
nitrogen
Growth and
repair of tissues
Speed up
reactions
enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen,
nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carries
hereditary
information
DNA/RNA
Cool-Down
 Name one part of the cell
theory.
 What is the subunit (building
block)
 of
proteins?
 Of carbohydrates?