Download Irish potato farmers did not allow their plants to undergo sexual

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Biology Review #2 for Final Exam Semester 1
Irish potato farmers did not allow their
plants to undergo sexual reproduction.
How did this cause the famine?
Why do we call sperm cells “haploid”,
and why is it important that gametes
are haploid, and not diploid?
Their plants were genetically identical.
Since the blight fungus could kill one
plant, it could kill them all, and that’s
what caused a lack of food (famine).
Sperm are haploid because the contain
half the number of chromosomes found
in somatic cells, which are diploid.
You’re heterozygous for tongue rolling
(Rr) and heterozygous for blue eyes (Bb).
Predict all the allele combination that
could be present in your gametes.
It’s important that human zygote s
diploid (46 total chromosomes). A sperm
cell (23 chromosome) fertilized an ovum
(also 23 chromosome) to get a diploid
zygote.
Compare and contrast RNA and DNA
with a Double Bubble.
List the 4 macromolecules, each one’s
monomer, and a good “real life”
example of each.
In our fictitious “honeymoon ceviche
dinner” story, why was it that the
husband got sick the first time he ate
ceviche, but not the second time?
macromolecule monomer example
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
amino acid
sugar
nucleotide
fatty acid
enzymes
glucose
RNA
cell memb.
His B-cells had not made antibodies, so he
got sick the first time, but afterwards, the
B-cells got a “memory” and created
antibodies, so his immune system was
already ready the second time.
Describe a functional analogy for a cell
membrane.
What does it mean to be biologically
successful?
What is the #1 role of an enzyme?
Describe a functional analogy.
A job interview allows only certain people
to work, like a cell membrane allows only
certain molecules to pass.
to be able to reproduce and pass on
alleles to the next generation
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up
chemical reactions in cells. A friend who
helps you clean your room is like an
enzyme because she only speeds up the
process, which would have gotten done
either with or without her, but it’s faster if
she helps.
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Biology Review #3 for Final Exam Semester 1
Which plays a greater role in deciding
whether an individual is going to be
biologically successful: his phenotype,
or genotype? Why?
If the DNA transcript is
TAC AGT TCA ATC
what would be the sequence of amino
acids produced?
If the mRNA transcript is UUU AAA
GGG CCC
what was the DNA transcript that was
used as a template?
Natural selection depends on phenotype.
For example, if the genotype was Ww, or
WW, you’d have small wrists, so the
genotype isn’t really what’s important;
it’s the phenotype. You’d survive either
way.
Methionine – Serine – Serine
AAA TTT CCC GGG
“Bob” can roll his tongue (Rr), but his
wife “Mary” cannot (rr). Predict the
chances that any offspring could also
roll their tongue.
“A cell suddenly lost the functionality of
its tRNA, therefore, that cell would not be
able to synthesize RNA.” Respond to
this statement by arguing for or against
it.
Very high fevers can be dangerous.
Describe what happens to the enzymes in
a sick person’s neurons if his fever does
not “break”.
False. tRNA participates in translation,
which follows transcription (when RNA
is made). Therefore, only translation
would be affected, not transcription.
Enzymes are proteins, which denature
(change shape) if it’s too hot, or pH is too
extreme, or ionic conditions are too
extreme. Changing an enzyme’s shape
means it won’t fit its substrate, so the
enzyme cannot do its job.
(The last one is a stop, which isn’t an
amino acid).
“The Golgi serves the same kind of
purpose as college does for young
people.” Why does Mr. F say this?
What makes viral reproduction so very
different than prokaryotic
reproduction?
The Golgi is where the polypeptide is
folded into its mature, functional shape.
College is where most of you grow up
and mature into an adult.
Viruses need to take over a host cell and
use its ribosomes and other “machinery”
to reproduce more viruses. Prokaryotes
don’t need host cells to reproduce.
What does “catalyze” mean, and how
does it relate to enzymes?
to speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up
chemical reactions in cells.
period ________ name ___________________________________________________ table _____ seat ____
Biology Review #1 for Final Exam Semester 1
What is the relationship between water,
and chlorophyll, and light energy (in
terms of photosynthesis)?
Chlorophyll is the pigment that
absorbs sunlight energy, which
breaks bonds in water molecules.
What are the balanced chemical
reactions for photosynthesis and
cellular respiration? How are they
related?
Photosynthesis
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Of cellular respiration? Why are they
critical for sustaining life on earth?
Products of photosynthesis
glucose = C6H12O6
oxygen gas = O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2--> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Products of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide = CO2
water = H2O
The two reactions are exact
opposites.
The products of photosynthesis
become the reactants of cellular
respiration.
What is meant by homeostasis? How is
ATP related to homeostasis?
Precisely why do plants need water?
If you deprive a plant of sunlight, why
does it die?
Why precisely does drowning in a pool
kill a person?
What is the function of the electron
transport chain?
Why has Mr. Fujiyama said that oxygen
gas is like a tow truck?