Download Cell Review Organells SC Standards

Cell Review
Organelles of a Cell
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Cell Membrane
–The thin, flexible outer covering of a cell. It
controls what enters and leaves a cell.
–There are two main ways substances enter
and leave a cell:
Vide
o
– Diffusion is one way in which materials (for example
molecules of sugar, water or waste) moves across the
cell membrane. It occurs as materials move from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
– Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
Vide
o
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Cytoplasm
–The gel-like fluid inside of a cell made of
mostly water.
–The other organelles are embedded in the
cytoplasm.
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Nucleus
–Contains the genetic material (DNA) and is
the control center of the cell.
–One type of cellular reproduction, mitosis,
occurs in the nucleus. This results in a
duplicate copy of the cell. Mitosis is needed
for growth, replacement of cells, and
asexual reproduction.
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Vacuole
–Act as temporary storage centers.
–Some store water; others store waste
products until they can be eliminated from
the cell.
–Plant cells have fewer and larger vacuoles
than animal cells.
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Mitochondria
–It is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of
the cell
–Are the energy producing sites in the cell
where respiration takes place
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Mitochondria
–All organisms undergo cellular respiration.
– During this process, glucose (C6H12O6) is broken
down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to
release energy
–The cell uses the energy to build, repair, and
reproduce cells
–Cellular respiration is the complementary
process to photosynthesis
–Cells that require a larger amount of energy to
function contain a larger number of
mitochondria
Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
•Lysosomes
• Organelles responsible for digesting certain
materials within the cell
• The lysosome can digest food, worn out
organelles, as well as other cellular waste not
needed for cell metabolism
Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY
•Cell wall
• Provides support and shape for plant cells.
– It is made mostly of cellulose which provides a
protective framework for the cell
Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY
•Chloroplasts
• Are the sites where photosynthesis takes
place in a plant cell
• They contain the chlorophyll, the green
pigment that absorbs light energy
• During the process of photosynthesis,
plants use light energy (sunlight), carbon
dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to make
glucose, a simple sugar (C6H12O6) and
oxygen gas (O2)
• Plant cells also release oxygen gas (O2) as
a waste product of photosynthesis