Download exam two_study guide

Biology-1
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Exam Two Study Guide
Characteristics of the plasma membrane (components, function, selectivity, etc.)
What are the various roles of membrane proteins?
What is passive transport? Active transport?
Compare and contrast diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
What is tonicity? Be able to predict the direction of osmosis based on the solute concentrations of two solutions
separated by a semipermeable membrane.
What are hyper, hypo and isotonic solutions? What happens to the volume of cells in these solutions?
What is osmoregulation?
What are aquaporins and how/why do they relate to facilitated diffusion and osmosis?
What is the difference (structure and function) between channels and aquaporins?
What are: exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis?
What are the two laws that govern energy transformations, and how are the two related?
What is metabolism? Metabolic pathway?
What is energy coupling?
What are examples of cellular work and what molecule powers cellular work?
What is phosphorylation? What is the purpose of phosphorylation, what does it accomplish?
What are enzymes (structure and function) and how do they work?
What is activation energy?
Know the following terms and know how they are all related: enzymes, active site, substrate, coenzymes and
cofactors, competitive and non-competitive inhibition.
What is feedback inhibition?
Ch. 6 and 7
 Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic? Photosynthesis? Why or why not?
 What is oxidation? Reduction?
 What is an oxidizing agent? Reducing agent? What role do they play in both cellular respiration and
photosynthesis
 What is fermentation (lactic acid and alcohol), purpose of fermentation, and what molecule is reduced in each
type of fermentation?
 What is oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation, how are they similar/different?
 What is the ATP ase? Dehydrogenase enzymes?
 Know what takes place in the light reactions and the calvin cycle (in as much detail as presented in class) as well
as the three phases of cellular respiration. Know what each phase requires and produces.
 What are the special adaptations made by plants living in hot, dry environments (C4 and CAM plants)
 For both photosynthesis and respiration, you should know the following.
o Chemical formula
o Function
o Location of these processes (tissue, cellular and organelle level)
o Raw materials used and products produced/glucose molecule in each stage (including preparation of
pyruvate stage)
o Similarities and differences between the two processes.