ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation
... The E.coli dnaA transcription unit contains two promoters, dnaAp1 and dnaAp2, with a DnaA box located between them. dnaAp2 is the stronger promoter, it contributes 60–80% of the dnaA transcripts (Kücherer et al., 1986; Polaczek and Wright, 1990). Transcription from both promoters is reduced upon ov ...
... The E.coli dnaA transcription unit contains two promoters, dnaAp1 and dnaAp2, with a DnaA box located between them. dnaAp2 is the stronger promoter, it contributes 60–80% of the dnaA transcripts (Kücherer et al., 1986; Polaczek and Wright, 1990). Transcription from both promoters is reduced upon ov ...
The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes
... chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H ...
... chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. Similarities in conserved motifs between H2A.W and another H ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
... complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes a histone exchange reaction that replaces nucleosom ...
... complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes a histone exchange reaction that replaces nucleosom ...
Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM), Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1–57 (2008)
... when pyruvate is used, about half of the pyruvate is converted to lactate by LDH, as shown in Fig. 6B (Krebs 1968) and so an equivalent amount of NADH in the cytosole is consumed. Therefore, cytosolic NADH is increased when lactate is used as a gluconeogenetic sustrate, but decreased when pyruvate i ...
... when pyruvate is used, about half of the pyruvate is converted to lactate by LDH, as shown in Fig. 6B (Krebs 1968) and so an equivalent amount of NADH in the cytosole is consumed. Therefore, cytosolic NADH is increased when lactate is used as a gluconeogenetic sustrate, but decreased when pyruvate i ...
BAG1, a negative regulator of Hsp70 chaperone activity, uncouples
... mixtures containing 14 μM GST-BAG-1 ⫹ 14 μM Hsp70 ⫹ 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA (s), 14 μM Hsp70 ⫹ 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA (u), or 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA alone (e) were incubated and loaded on the Superdex G-200 column. Radioactivity in each fraction was measured by γ-counting. Complexes were also detected in vitro b ...
... mixtures containing 14 μM GST-BAG-1 ⫹ 14 μM Hsp70 ⫹ 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA (s), 14 μM Hsp70 ⫹ 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA (u), or 2.8 μM [125I]RCMLA alone (e) were incubated and loaded on the Superdex G-200 column. Radioactivity in each fraction was measured by γ-counting. Complexes were also detected in vitro b ...
Metabolic downregulation during diapause in embryos of Artemia
... phosphorylation during diapause. Measurements of ATP, ADP and AMP show that substantial decreases occur in ATP:ADP ratio and in adenylate energy charge during diapause. Respiration studies conducted with embryo lysates document a depression of oxidative phosphorylation during diapause in the case wh ...
... phosphorylation during diapause. Measurements of ATP, ADP and AMP show that substantial decreases occur in ATP:ADP ratio and in adenylate energy charge during diapause. Respiration studies conducted with embryo lysates document a depression of oxidative phosphorylation during diapause in the case wh ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... these stores is orchestrated by an array of regulatory and sorting proteins. Insulin induces the release of GLUT4 through signaling from the insulin receptor via the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI(3)K], and Akt, along with additional parallel and downstream s ...
... these stores is orchestrated by an array of regulatory and sorting proteins. Insulin induces the release of GLUT4 through signaling from the insulin receptor via the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI(3)K], and Akt, along with additional parallel and downstream s ...
Identification of a Nuclear Export Signal in the Catalytic Subunit of
... Despite containing a highly conserved carboxy-terminus (Brenman and Temple, 2007; Figure, 1, A and B), the AMPK␣ C-terminal 23 amino acids do not contain predicted functional motifs. Cocrystal structures of the carboxy-terminus of AMPK␣ with /␥ subunits indicate that the carboxy-tail participates i ...
... Despite containing a highly conserved carboxy-terminus (Brenman and Temple, 2007; Figure, 1, A and B), the AMPK␣ C-terminal 23 amino acids do not contain predicted functional motifs. Cocrystal structures of the carboxy-terminus of AMPK␣ with /␥ subunits indicate that the carboxy-tail participates i ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... differential target specificities in vivo (Mochly-Rosen, 1995). A number of reports have associated PKC activation with either cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic injury, or agonist stimulation. For example, hemodynamic pressure overload stimulation in rodents can promote efficient transloc ...
... differential target specificities in vivo (Mochly-Rosen, 1995). A number of reports have associated PKC activation with either cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic injury, or agonist stimulation. For example, hemodynamic pressure overload stimulation in rodents can promote efficient transloc ...
View PDF - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... It is important to note that only a “snap-shot” of the level of SHH protein at any given somite stage can be determined within an embryo. For example, if bilateral deviations occurred by chance, in some embryos the amount of SHH protein in the left and right limb buds would be identical at the time ...
... It is important to note that only a “snap-shot” of the level of SHH protein at any given somite stage can be determined within an embryo. For example, if bilateral deviations occurred by chance, in some embryos the amount of SHH protein in the left and right limb buds would be identical at the time ...
The Presynaptic Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Physiological and
... in presynaptic terminals (Benfenati et al., 1996; Ninan and Arancio, 2004), and directly phosphorylates both α-tubulin and β-tubulin in enriched synaptosomal fractions (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1981). Such phosphorylation is stimulated by activity (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1982), suggesting a functional lin ...
... in presynaptic terminals (Benfenati et al., 1996; Ninan and Arancio, 2004), and directly phosphorylates both α-tubulin and β-tubulin in enriched synaptosomal fractions (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1981). Such phosphorylation is stimulated by activity (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1982), suggesting a functional lin ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... The formation of the correct spatio-temporal Ca2+ signals is dependent on an extensive cellular machinery named the Ca2+ toolkit, which includes the various cellular Ca2+-binding and Ca2+-transporting proteins, present mainly in the cytosol, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochond ...
... The formation of the correct spatio-temporal Ca2+ signals is dependent on an extensive cellular machinery named the Ca2+ toolkit, which includes the various cellular Ca2+-binding and Ca2+-transporting proteins, present mainly in the cytosol, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochond ...
A low-molecular-mass protein from Methylococcus
... isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may play an important role in regulating formaldehyde concentration in vivo ...
... isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may play an important role in regulating formaldehyde concentration in vivo ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... Regulation of gene expression. Kinetics of oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling exhibit significant variation in patterns and mechanisms of recognition69,70. It has been suggested that calcium spiking behavior permits information to be encoded and detected over a much broader range of signaling levels than ...
... Regulation of gene expression. Kinetics of oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling exhibit significant variation in patterns and mechanisms of recognition69,70. It has been suggested that calcium spiking behavior permits information to be encoded and detected over a much broader range of signaling levels than ...
Investigation of Factors Affecting Opalescence and Phase
... is a concern for formulation development since various protein solutions are stored at refrigerated condition (2-8˚C) where proteins show a higher tendency to phase separate. Protein-rich phase (high concentration) formed on phase separation can promote formation of reversible or irreversible aggreg ...
... is a concern for formulation development since various protein solutions are stored at refrigerated condition (2-8˚C) where proteins show a higher tendency to phase separate. Protein-rich phase (high concentration) formed on phase separation can promote formation of reversible or irreversible aggreg ...
Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... (Oparka and Turgeon, 1999; van Bel et al., 2002) and allows the selective import not only of small substances but also of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from CC into SE (Ayre et al., 2003). The mature PD between SE and CC are branched on the side of the companion cell that turn in ...
... (Oparka and Turgeon, 1999; van Bel et al., 2002) and allows the selective import not only of small substances but also of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from CC into SE (Ayre et al., 2003). The mature PD between SE and CC are branched on the side of the companion cell that turn in ...
the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in glucose and ketone
... generated. PDK2 deficiency caused higher PDC activity and lower blood glucose levels in the fed state while PDK4 deficiency caused similar effects in the fasting state. DKO intensified these effects in both states. PDK2 deficiency had no effect on glucose tolerance, PDK4 deficiency produced a modest ...
... generated. PDK2 deficiency caused higher PDC activity and lower blood glucose levels in the fed state while PDK4 deficiency caused similar effects in the fasting state. DKO intensified these effects in both states. PDK2 deficiency had no effect on glucose tolerance, PDK4 deficiency produced a modest ...
Receptor-regulated Dynamic S-Nitrosylation of Endothelial Nitric
... The two fragments were then mixed, and the final product was amplified using the EcoRI and BglII primers. The primer sequences for PCR-directed mutagenesis of eNOS Cys96 to Ser were: forward, 5⬘-GGCCCAGCACTCCCAGGTGCTGCCTGGG-3⬘; reverse, 5⬘-CCCAGGCAGCACCTGGGAGTGCTGGGCC-3⬘. For mutagenesis of eNOS Cys ...
... The two fragments were then mixed, and the final product was amplified using the EcoRI and BglII primers. The primer sequences for PCR-directed mutagenesis of eNOS Cys96 to Ser were: forward, 5⬘-GGCCCAGCACTCCCAGGTGCTGCCTGGG-3⬘; reverse, 5⬘-CCCAGGCAGCACCTGGGAGTGCTGGGCC-3⬘. For mutagenesis of eNOS Cys ...
CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development Richard
... depicted below. Many known interactions are not included ...
... depicted below. Many known interactions are not included ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... Georges et al., 1999). Although these studies suggest that in the striatum, dopamine receptors may be essentially required for the cellular and molecular adaptations in response to morphine treatments, the mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic neurons contribution to opiate dependence remain illusi ...
... Georges et al., 1999). Although these studies suggest that in the striatum, dopamine receptors may be essentially required for the cellular and molecular adaptations in response to morphine treatments, the mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic neurons contribution to opiate dependence remain illusi ...
Direct redox modulation of p53 protein: potential sources of redox
... III. Studies on redox regulation of p53 in vitro One of the possible mechanisms of p53 activation by ROI is direct oxidation of the p53 protein. Oxidation may activate p53 for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, to date, all evidence from p53 oxidation studies conducted in vitro indicates that ...
... III. Studies on redox regulation of p53 in vitro One of the possible mechanisms of p53 activation by ROI is direct oxidation of the p53 protein. Oxidation may activate p53 for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, to date, all evidence from p53 oxidation studies conducted in vitro indicates that ...
Full-Text PDF
... Origin licensing, the loading of replicative DNA helicases onto origin DNA, is the first committed step of DNA replication and is essential for cell proliferation. Numerous control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells regulate both origin licensing and subsequent replication initiation to ensure complete ...
... Origin licensing, the loading of replicative DNA helicases onto origin DNA, is the first committed step of DNA replication and is essential for cell proliferation. Numerous control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells regulate both origin licensing and subsequent replication initiation to ensure complete ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).