The network of calcium regulation in muscle
... (PMCA). A (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-activated ATPase of about 130 kDa is present in the plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells, including plants (Guerini & Carafoli, 1999; Strehler & Zacharias, 2001). It catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. The Ca2+-d ...
... (PMCA). A (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-activated ATPase of about 130 kDa is present in the plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells, including plants (Guerini & Carafoli, 1999; Strehler & Zacharias, 2001). It catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. The Ca2+-d ...
ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation
... little effect on the regulation of dnaA (Smith et al., 1997). In order to define whether this lack of repression was due to the ADP–DnaA/ATP–DnaA switch, we analyzed a DNA fragment containing ATP–DnaA boxes a, b, c and DnaA boxes 1 and 2 in the BIAcore. Binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein to a wild ...
... little effect on the regulation of dnaA (Smith et al., 1997). In order to define whether this lack of repression was due to the ADP–DnaA/ATP–DnaA switch, we analyzed a DNA fragment containing ATP–DnaA boxes a, b, c and DnaA boxes 1 and 2 in the BIAcore. Binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein to a wild ...
Spectral characterization of the binding and conformational changes
... dichroism (CD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Preservatives are often added to pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations to manage microbial contamination. Alkyl esteres of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are the most widely employed preservatives in cosmetic products due to their broad antimicrob ...
... dichroism (CD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Preservatives are often added to pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations to manage microbial contamination. Alkyl esteres of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are the most widely employed preservatives in cosmetic products due to their broad antimicrob ...
Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans
... Decoding of aberrant mRNAs leads to unproductive ribosome stalling and sequestration of components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-mes ...
... Decoding of aberrant mRNAs leads to unproductive ribosome stalling and sequestration of components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-mes ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... MDM2-p53 interaction in vitro, whereas the ability of a S17A mutant of MDM2 to associate with p53 is unaltered following phosphorylation by DNA-PK (34). Consistent with this observation, an S17A mutant was significantly more effective in inhibiting p53-dependent transactivation (using the PG13CAT re ...
... MDM2-p53 interaction in vitro, whereas the ability of a S17A mutant of MDM2 to associate with p53 is unaltered following phosphorylation by DNA-PK (34). Consistent with this observation, an S17A mutant was significantly more effective in inhibiting p53-dependent transactivation (using the PG13CAT re ...
Structure-Function Analysis of SH3 Domains: SH3
... family protein tyrosine kinases (13, 14). This domain mediates protein-protein interactions that are important for coupling of intracellular signaling pathways, regulation of catalytic activity of proteins, recruitment of substrates to enzymes, and localization of proteins to a specific subcellular ...
... family protein tyrosine kinases (13, 14). This domain mediates protein-protein interactions that are important for coupling of intracellular signaling pathways, regulation of catalytic activity of proteins, recruitment of substrates to enzymes, and localization of proteins to a specific subcellular ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), although confirmation awaits more definitive evidence. This observation also raises the possibility that another member of the Wnt family, of which four have been identified in Drosophila, could function as the PCP li ...
... Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), although confirmation awaits more definitive evidence. This observation also raises the possibility that another member of the Wnt family, of which four have been identified in Drosophila, could function as the PCP li ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... of myosin Va, is contained and is signature element of this myosin and myosin V [57]. At the very C-terminus in myosin VIII, a putative phosphorylation site by protein kinase A and C [7] and a group of basic residues [45] are present. Although plant myosins were classified based on sequence comparis ...
... of myosin Va, is contained and is signature element of this myosin and myosin V [57]. At the very C-terminus in myosin VIII, a putative phosphorylation site by protein kinase A and C [7] and a group of basic residues [45] are present. Although plant myosins were classified based on sequence comparis ...
two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of actinin
... α-actinin causes Z-disk misassembly during the progression of myofibrillogenesis and the formation of Z-rods reminiscent of those formed in nemaline myopathy (Schultheiss et al., 1992). The binding of titin to the C-terminal domain of α-actinin therefore appears not to be the sole protein interactio ...
... α-actinin causes Z-disk misassembly during the progression of myofibrillogenesis and the formation of Z-rods reminiscent of those formed in nemaline myopathy (Schultheiss et al., 1992). The binding of titin to the C-terminal domain of α-actinin therefore appears not to be the sole protein interactio ...
Receptor-like activity evoked by extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... Extracellular purine nucleotides have been shown to be involved in the regulation of plant cell viability, membrane permeability, immunity, symbiosis, stress responses and growth (Lew and Dearnaley, 2000; Tang et al., 2003; Chivasa et al., 2005, 2009; Kim et al., 2006, 2009; Roux and Steinebrunner, ...
... Extracellular purine nucleotides have been shown to be involved in the regulation of plant cell viability, membrane permeability, immunity, symbiosis, stress responses and growth (Lew and Dearnaley, 2000; Tang et al., 2003; Chivasa et al., 2005, 2009; Kim et al., 2006, 2009; Roux and Steinebrunner, ...
Receptor-Like Activity Evoked by Extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... permeases (Komoszyński, 1996; Steinebrunner et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2007; Riewe et al., 2008a, 2008b; Govindarajulu et al., 2009; Clark et al., 2010b; Liang et al., 2010). Manipulation of ecto-apyrase levels results in abnormal growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cotton (Gossypium hirsut ...
... permeases (Komoszyński, 1996; Steinebrunner et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2007; Riewe et al., 2008a, 2008b; Govindarajulu et al., 2009; Clark et al., 2010b; Liang et al., 2010). Manipulation of ecto-apyrase levels results in abnormal growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cotton (Gossypium hirsut ...
Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding
... In addition to penicillin, several other antibiotics (glycopetides, lactibiotics, etc.) inhibit the In addition to penicillin, several other antibiotics (glycopetides, lactibiotics, etc.) inhibit the last last stage of peptidoglycan polymerization (GT and TP) by binding to the lipid II substrate, th ...
... In addition to penicillin, several other antibiotics (glycopetides, lactibiotics, etc.) inhibit the In addition to penicillin, several other antibiotics (glycopetides, lactibiotics, etc.) inhibit the last last stage of peptidoglycan polymerization (GT and TP) by binding to the lipid II substrate, th ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... phosphorylation of Ser27; however, it does not affect binding to membranes and lateral self-association [21]. The crystal structure of an intermediate annexin with its complete N-terminus in the absence of calcium was first determined for annexin A1 [22]. In this protein, as expected from sequence h ...
... phosphorylation of Ser27; however, it does not affect binding to membranes and lateral self-association [21]. The crystal structure of an intermediate annexin with its complete N-terminus in the absence of calcium was first determined for annexin A1 [22]. In this protein, as expected from sequence h ...
RF3 Induces Ribosomal Conformational Changes Responsible for
... RF3GDP reveals two conserved patches. One is in the guanine nucleotide-binding region, including His92, and another in the interface between domains II and III (Figure 2A). To clarify the functional roles of these conserved surface regions, the RF3 variants H311A, R312A, E396A, Q445A, V448A, R452A, ...
... RF3GDP reveals two conserved patches. One is in the guanine nucleotide-binding region, including His92, and another in the interface between domains II and III (Figure 2A). To clarify the functional roles of these conserved surface regions, the RF3 variants H311A, R312A, E396A, Q445A, V448A, R452A, ...
375 Na+/Ca2+ ANTIPORT IN THE MAMMALIAN HEART
... B) coding for segments of 34 (B) or 35 (A) amino acids between positions 570 and 604/5; the amino acid sequences in these two exons are 34 % identical. Following this region, there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be ...
... B) coding for segments of 34 (B) or 35 (A) amino acids between positions 570 and 604/5; the amino acid sequences in these two exons are 34 % identical. Following this region, there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be ...
Inhibitory Regulation of Higher-Plant Myosin by
... was not reversible upon Ca21 removal. An 18-kD polypeptide that showed the same mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as that of spinach calmodulin (CaM) was present in this myosin fraction. This polypeptide showed a mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla ...
... was not reversible upon Ca21 removal. An 18-kD polypeptide that showed the same mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as that of spinach calmodulin (CaM) was present in this myosin fraction. This polypeptide showed a mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
... H2A.Z is deposited into +1 nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes ...
... H2A.Z is deposited into +1 nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes ...
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III
... At least 20 effector proteins are delivered by the SPI-1 T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may inv ...
... At least 20 effector proteins are delivered by the SPI-1 T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may inv ...
Repeat motifs of tau bind to the insides of microtubules in the
... human brain tau are alternatively spliced from a single gene and differ by having three or four conserved repeat motifs in the microtubule-binding domain and no, one or two insertions in the N-terminal projection domain (Figure 1A). The repeats (Figure 1B) have microtubulebinding and assembly-promot ...
... human brain tau are alternatively spliced from a single gene and differ by having three or four conserved repeat motifs in the microtubule-binding domain and no, one or two insertions in the N-terminal projection domain (Figure 1A). The repeats (Figure 1B) have microtubulebinding and assembly-promot ...
With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... in β strand 3 conserved in all other functional kinase domains, the WNKs contain a cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there a ...
... in β strand 3 conserved in all other functional kinase domains, the WNKs contain a cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there a ...
Kelly E. Evans and Gerhard Meissner Naohiro Yamaguchi, Le Xu
... by direct binding (5). CaM modulates the RyRs by direct binding since CaM affects channel function in the absence of ATP (6, 7). CaM inhibits all three RyRs at Ca2⫹ concentrations above 1 M; however, differences in the regulation of the RyRs at submicromolar Ca2⫹ concentrations have been described. ...
... by direct binding (5). CaM modulates the RyRs by direct binding since CaM affects channel function in the absence of ATP (6, 7). CaM inhibits all three RyRs at Ca2⫹ concentrations above 1 M; however, differences in the regulation of the RyRs at submicromolar Ca2⫹ concentrations have been described. ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et al., 1994). The discovery of these sites led to the hypotheses that (1) spectrin targeting could be achieved by ankyri ...
... spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et al., 1994). The discovery of these sites led to the hypotheses that (1) spectrin targeting could be achieved by ankyri ...
Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... inside its ring structure [4]. Chromatin fibers have been proposed to enter the cohesin ring via an ‘‘entry gate’’ that is thought to be located between the hinge regions of Smc1 and Smc3 [5, 6]. The loading of cohesin onto chromatin requires cohesin’s ATPase activity [7, 8] and a separate loading c ...
... inside its ring structure [4]. Chromatin fibers have been proposed to enter the cohesin ring via an ‘‘entry gate’’ that is thought to be located between the hinge regions of Smc1 and Smc3 [5, 6]. The loading of cohesin onto chromatin requires cohesin’s ATPase activity [7, 8] and a separate loading c ...
Characterization of Vincristine Transport by the Mr 190,000
... of this differential sensitivity is unknown. Finally, in addition to chemotherapeutic agents, MRP also confers resistance to certain an timonial and arsenical oxyanions, a property not associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (9, 12). Thus, although the crossresistance profiles of these two ...
... of this differential sensitivity is unknown. Finally, in addition to chemotherapeutic agents, MRP also confers resistance to certain an timonial and arsenical oxyanions, a property not associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (9, 12). Thus, although the crossresistance profiles of these two ...
Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... demonstrated in vitro to be direct, to require calcium, and to be functional in the sense that annexin A2 was able to recruit the mu2 to immobilized lipids. Examination of other annexins and mu subunits demonstrated that annexin A2 also binds the mu1 subunit of the AP-1 complex, that annexin A6 bind ...
... demonstrated in vitro to be direct, to require calcium, and to be functional in the sense that annexin A2 was able to recruit the mu2 to immobilized lipids. Examination of other annexins and mu subunits demonstrated that annexin A2 also binds the mu1 subunit of the AP-1 complex, that annexin A6 bind ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).