Download File

The Cell Organelles Reading and Graphic Organizer
Purpose: To find out about the function of each of the cell organelles
Task: As you read, complete the graphic organizer on the opposite.
Outcome: Identify the cell organelles and their functions
The Cell Organelles
Cells are the basic unit of life. We rely on our cells to metabolize food, reproduce, pass on genes, and
maintain homeostasis. All cells have organelles (smaller parts) inside that help them carry out these
complex tasks.
All Cells Share a Basic Structure
There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. All cells share a basic
structure: they are all surrounded by a plasma membrane. The plasma membrane controls what enters
and exits the cell. Inside the membrane is the cytoplasm – the fluid filling of the cell. All cells have
ribosomes – tiny, circular structures that synthesize (make) proteins. Lastly, all cells have DNA.
The Nucleus
In prokaryotes (bacteria), the DNA is loose in the middle of the cell. But all eukaryotic cells (plants,
animals, protists, and fungi) have a nucleus in the middle of the cell. The nucleus is an organelle that
contains the organisms DNA. Because the DNA has the genetic instructions that control all the cell’s
activities, the nucleus is often called “the brain of the cell.”
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
The chloroplast and mitochondria are organelles that help the cell get energy. Chloroplasts are only
found in plant cells. Chloroplasts have a special chemical inside them – chloroplyll – that makes them
green and allows them to make food using energy from sunlight. Mitochondria are found in all
eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria convert food into energy for the cell.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Body, Vacuoles, and Lysosomes
In order for molecules to move around the eukaryotic cell, they travel through the endoplasmic
reticulum(ER). The rough endoplasmic reticulum has lots of ribosomes attached to it, so a lot of
proteins are made in and travel through the rough ER. The smooth ER is not covered with ribosomes.
This is where a lot of lipids are made.
The Golgi Body packages molecules for transport (movement) outside the eukaryotic cell. Once it has
been packaged at the Golgi Body, a molecule can leave the cell through the cell membrane.
When the eukaryotic cell needs to store stuff, like water or food, it uses vacuoles. In plant cells, there is
usually one big vacuole. In animal cells, there are usually lots of smaller vacuoles. Sometimes these
storage organelles also help move stuff around the cell and are called vesicles.
The lysosomes help the cell breakdown waste, like old molecules and cell parts. Only animal cells have
lysosomes.
The Cell Wall
Both prokaryotes and plant cells have a cell wall outside of their plasma membrane. The cell wall gives
the cell extra support and protection, and helps the cell maintain its shape.
Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer
Cell Organelle
Plasma / Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
Golgi Body/
Apparatus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cell Wall
Structure
Function
Controls what enters
and exits the cell
Prokaryotes?
Plants?
Animals?
Cell Labeling and Coloring
Directions: Use the word banks and your textbook to label the following cell diagrams. When you
finish, color the cell organelles and create a key!
Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell
WORD BANK:
DNA
Ribosomes
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Eukaryotic Animal Cell
WORD BANK:
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
Eukaryotic Plant Cell
WORD BANK:
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Rough ER
Cell Wall
Smooth ER
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
Activity 3: Concept Mapping
Directions: Ask your teacher for a set of organelle picture. Cut out and paste all the organelles into the correct box on the concept map
below. Ask your teacher to check your work before gluing it down!
ALL CELLS
ONLY PROKARYOTES
ONLY PLANTS
ONLY EUKARYOTES
ONLY ANIMALS
ORGANELLE CUT-OUTS
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Lysosome
ER
Golgi Body
Large, Central
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
Activity 4: Practice Quiz
Directions: Use your graphic organizer, diagrams, and concept map to answer the questions
1. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether the cell is a
prokaryote or a eukaryote. What are some structures that would be present in a eukaryote, but not a
prokaryote?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether a cell is from an
animal or a plant. What are some structures that would be absent in an animal cell, but present in a
plant cell?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell
membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. What type of cell is it?
A. It could be any type of cell
B. It is definitely a prokaryote
C. It is definitely a eukaryote
4. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell
membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it?
A. It could be any type of cell
B. It is definitely a prokaryote
C. It is definitely a eukaryote
5. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell
wall, a large central vacuole, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it?
A. It is definitely a prokaryote
B. It is definitely a plant cell
C. It is definitely an animal cell
6. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell a
cell membrane, ribosomes, and a region of free-floating DNA. What type of cell is it?
A. It is definitely a prokaryote
B. It is definitely a plant cell
C. It is definitely an animal cell
7. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell
membrane, ribosomes, a nucleus, a Gogli apparatus, and an rough ER. What type of cell is it?
A. It is definitely a prokaryote
B. It is definitely a eukaryote, but it could be a plant or an animal cell
C. It is definitely an animal cell
D. It is definitely a plant cell
HW 30: The Cell Organelles
Biology I
Name __________________________
Date_______________________
Directions: Place the cell parts listed below into the correct spot on Venn Diagram 1 and Venn
Diagram 2 (you will need to write each word a total of two times)
Nucleus
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Lysosome
Golgi Body
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell Wall
DNA
Venn Diagram 1
Prokaryotic Cell
Both
Eukaryotic Cell
Both
Animal Cell
Venn Diagram 2
Plant Cell
--CONTINUED ON BACK--
CELL
NUCLEUS
CELL
WALL
CELL
CELL
MEMBRANE SHAPE
CELL SIZE
Cell A
No
Yes
Yes
Round
Very Small
Cell B
Yes
Yes
Yes
Squarish
Bigger
Cell C
Yes
No
Yes
Round
Bigger
1. Which cell(s) is/are eukaryotic?______________________________________________
2. Which cell(s) is/are probably an animal cell(s)?__________________________________
3. Which cell(s) is/are probably a plant cell(s)?____________________________________
4. Which cell(s) is/are prokaryotic?_____________________________________________
5. In cell B, where would the genetic information be stored?_________________________
6. Which cell(s) would most likely contain chloroplast(s)?____________________________