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Genetic
Engineering
Electrophoresis
& Cloning
Miscellaneous
Sex- Linked
Traits
Pedigrees
Genetic
Disorders
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DNA that is made
up of pieces of
DNA from
different sources is
called?
Recombinant
DNA
The process where one
organism (usually
bacteria) is transformed
by a gene(s) from
another source ?
Transformation
An organism that
has a functional
piece of DNA is
called?
Transgenic
Organism
What type of
proteins are used
to cut DNA?
Restriction
Enzymes
What are the 3 steps
to manipulating
DNA?
1. Extracting DNA
2. Cutting DNA
3. Separating DNA
Producing a
genetically identical
offspring from a
single cell is called?
Cloning
Who was the first
person to clone a
mammal?
Ian Wilmut
How does Gel
Electrophoresis
separate DNA?
By Size
What charge is
carried by DNA
and how do you
know?
Negative. Because it
moves toward the
positive end.
In the picture are the 3
samples in A identical,
explain.
No, because the
banding patterns do
not match or line
up.
The process where
breeders choose
the organisms with
the most desired
traits
Selective
Breeding
What is mating
between closely
related individuals
called?
Inbreeding
The offspring of
parents that have
different traits are
called?
Hybrids
What is B a picture of?
DNA
What is going on in
this picture?
Restriction enzymes
are cutting DNA into
pieces.
What are sex-linked
traits (definition
please no
examples)?
Genes/traits found on
the sex chromosomes.
How many sex
chromosomes are
there are what are
they?
2
X and Y
In class we
discussed 3 sexlinked traits name
2?
Red-Green Colorblindness
Hemophilia
Muscular Dystrophy
Why is it that the
male is the one that
usually gets the
recessive trait?
The male only has one X
chromosome which is
donated by the mom, there
is nothing to mask the
trait(s) on that X
chromosome.
If a normal male and a carrier
female (red-green
colorblindness) had a child
what is the percent chance
that the child will be red-green
colorblind and what would the
sex of the child be?
25% chance of being a redgreen colorblind male, 0%
chance for a colorblind female
XR
Xr
XR
XR XR
XR Xr
Y
XR Y
Xr Y
A male is
represented by
what shape?
Square
A way of tracing a
trait through a
family history.
Pedigree
Individuals half
shaded in are
known as?
Carriers
The pedigree shows the inheritance of free earlobes
and attached. Attached earlobes is caused by a
recessive allele (f).
How many generations are shown in this
picture?
5
What are the genotypes
of individuals 2, 8, 9, 5?
Individuals
2,8,9 are Ff and
5 is FF
Are most genetic
disorders
dominant or
recessive?
Recessive
Which genetic disorder
that we learned about
was a co-dominant
disorder? (hint: occurs
mainly in African
Americans)
Sickle Cell
Anemia
This disorder causes
the person to produce
too much mucus or is
unable to break it
down.
Cystic Fibrosis
In this disorder the
individual cannot break
down the amino acid
Phenylalanine or (Phe)
Phenylketonuria or
(PKU)
Most sex chromosome
disorders (ex. Jacob’s,
Turner’s, Edward’s
syndromes) are caused
by what issue?
Nondisjunction or the
failure of the
chromosomes to
separate.