* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cells and Their Organelles
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Period: Name: ., ~ ~'Oi {~., Yo '.' ',,( .,. "" ;,'\ ",:: " Cells and Their Organelles The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell & plant cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell (plasma) membrane. The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. It is composed of a double layer of phosphol~ids and embedded proteins. Color and label the cell membrane tarY(1ight brown) on both the plant & animal cells. Plant cells have an additional layer surrounding them called the cell wall. The cell wall is made of ~Iiving material called cellulose. Color and label the cell wall brown. The centrosome (also called the "microtubule organizing center") is a small body located near the nucleus. The centrosome is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome. ~n~l!.1Lrng.!..c.~.I.!~ have centrosomes. Color and label the centrioles ur e. Microtubules are shaped like s9J=la straws and give the nucleus an cell its shape (animal cell). microtub~ inside the nucleus. 1. At what level of organization does life begin? Lage/the -\--ke. c.eJll o«: I cd IlACtY eve- 2. What surrounds all cells1 ee\ \ or t-t~VVVA- 1._ 3. What is meant by semipermeable? - o.llDlA.J'5. SO (lI\jL ~ubs~cd . a ce II , r~' +0 \ Q~ol 6loc--l~'h<r 1/\ MeM~VC.LV\.X-. o~vs yQ.ss s (/1 tv c (0"'- oLl\- Dr " 4. What 2 things make up the cell memfiRn~zplw\;~!~!' f~·.'l' 5. The cell membrane is also called the f\asVVl.OLO~ L. _1_ CL ~ ~ 0..- membrane. 6. Centrioles are found inside of what type of cell? CUI Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 IMf;C.J ~ 6 Name: Period: 7. What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria? Q.e/ \ WCA..J \ 8. Centrioles are found at the center of the ~ -L. 1L L ~ ~..!L ~ £. -.S. . How do they help the cell? ~ke (\I\,~c..xo+u\ov~ The nucleus in the center of a cell is a spherical body containing the nucleolus that makes ribosomes. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis). It also contains DNA 'assembled into chromosomes. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. C%r and /abe/the nucleolus dark blue, the nuclear membrane yellow, and the nucleus light blue. Materials can move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in the membrane around the nucleus. Labe/the nuclear pores. Cytoplasm is the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. C%r and /abe/the cytoplasm pink. All cells, even prokaryotes contain small bodies called ribosomes. Labe/the ribosomes. Proteins are made here by a process called protein synthesis. 9. Where is DNA found inside a cell? n vc-ieus . I \ 10. What cell process is controlled by the nucleus? 'jJrOt-e(,v'\ 11.DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible .s: .h,.r.,~ ~ --D- .s.o., 12. Where are organelles located? flIl e:- ~. c.. y-6p laJ;W\ 13. Where are proteins made in a cell? \~ ~ oso~ 14. Do all cells need ribosomes? ~ e.-~ 15. The process of making proteins is called syl1~sj~ Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 2 _?rOk~v'\ ~yn~s,S Name: Period: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell s cytoplasm. The ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Color and label the rough ER violet (another shade of purple). Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cistern which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane. The Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes. The Golgi body modifies & packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. Color and label the Golgi export vesicles red. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes on its surface. It makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell. It also controls the Calcium level in muscles and detoxifies poisons, alcohol, and drugs. Color and labelthe smooth ER Iight green. 16. How does rough ER differ Itrom smooth ER? I rou4h.. .s co v-erect co r~ bose n-es svvf!ob~ k.o.-.:s Y\b y-L b 0 ~O~ S at! (\v C.J..Qfl_-,V- 17. Rough ER is connected to the W l (t\QJJW!Jvtuv- Golgiin~ 1"iCCi- . , and ~ proteins for export out of the cell. 19. Give 3 jobs forrsm~ot~nER. a. p(D~~.~ b. CJz:M- ~(S c. membrane and to ~ _ 18..Prot,einsmade by rough ~J:!tr.e C\swr11/ef;. Ifk<; . Golgl~\%J - '5V'f~ L rt~ IBc:s ~/z{)V\ ?rocL coJ c i JVV'.. oLloXl-\{ c:~ fO~O\A--CS Chloroplasts are elongated or disc-shaped organelles containing chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 3 Name: Period: place in the chloroplasts. Only plant cells, not animal cells, can make their own food. Color and label the chloroplasts dark green. Cells also contain fluid-filled sacs called vacuoles. The vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. In plant cells, a large central vacuole takes up most of the space in the cell in a plant cell (animal may have small vacuoles). Color and label the vacuoles~. Mitochondria are spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections called cristae. The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. Color and label the mitochondria orange. Label the cristae. Both plant and animal cells have double-layered membranes and their own DNA. Cells also contain spherical organelles called Iysosomes that contain digestive enzymes. Nutrients are digested by the cell here, as well as, old cell organelles that are going to be recycled. Color and label the Iysosomesyellow. j> ho-l-os:yrrfkSIS: 20. What process takes place inside chloroplostsz 21. What is the energy for this process? -+-k ~uA 22. What pigment traps the energy? Ch loro? h" I 23. Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)? J p\oJl +- 24. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are like in that they both have "I V\ V\ er membranes and their own ~ Q0A 25. Food, water, and wastes are stored inside \[CcGuoLR 26. Digestion takes place inside Iy ;So~r J~~~~~~ 27.~argest organelle in plants is the \[DLJJlSk containing Ce.nW . 28. What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells? jy~Os.o~ Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 4 Period: Name: Offer a color key; if you would like to ...name of color in the color used. Figure 1 - Animal Cell uJ- ~ I\'(o"Jl"""\¥"'l r-O\~( elt\4 \ () (}GLLus ~W~~W$~~~, ---::=!!I~- Y, t'\ iJ~ ~hrW'l/ ~th-eVL J.Soucie, © BIODIDAC Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 5 Name: Period: J.Soucie, © BIODIDAC Complete the following table: Biology Chapter 7 Section 3 \~ 6 Complete the following table: Organelle Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Vacuole Plant / Animal/Both 66t-t,,-- Ribosome Golgi A ~po.-,-c,--{--,s Rough ER \lA.f (;;>rc) kc k 0---1( {c co- 'Eot~ Central Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear membrane Centrosome Cot) f-n'oles Lysosomes Microtubules Nuclear pores {<; I :: s..(.) ?po~,..f- <;:. Co A +. -k tiL-k. o {- lIVLe.-~ -~i\. tc.. pfi)U-S~S 'j) \.6-VL + ~ Ltv~ ~\'hu-'}'L--Fed ) -t-eMPO'roY(' +'e•....",yr.e-[ ( ~+er C0~f-e.; e6\-k Pro cluCL 50 P ('0 ~c+~ (VLOci.-t:- e5 f I- ~se~ bi f~'b t-e--IYl.S ~ dV\. S..J r- ~u.... ct- ~~no...\ &{cls pvcduQJl f (ul'1 + ~l-o<;.~s0; " CoV\+co\ N", j>rt! ~o+~ .•• 4c...~ .w " - ~L-$ j3,c-\-~ (I'M ~c..:bc.o~h ~IAO u ;~~ 1 cc, ~ +0 p~v\A- }-6.UI' CQ_.Jld\'VI~'o11 ' (J~rvduc.h CM.J 01 d: c,.z...ll ~rt-s le)( tJL sk iI\A-;'. S1-rvc..N~ 7(1)\/toLe.. s~~. bQt t\ r- ~i he....1 fl aJ t 0 <A.J hot--h... uJ+- 7 I a9llucU..u~ l:yl0f\ d.oe~ ~ ·.ik~uJ~ a.r; l~CJ....{ CVY1. ~.v-.~ NJ...f. ".jl -4,0 H- .-r . 6D~C'~ "~k~~" V\AD- ( ~G=I p.Lc,-u.. fl.f2.rjY o..V~\.l~hlL ,f-o +ko.-ll ~~c;. ~oT-k s- rt loc50,N"L:, 'PlC'-Vl 1Do-\--Lt,- (?rv{eivl ~~h1)~ ~ ~S\FiJt-- Bo-\- k k-i Yl S r~v::J::a.tiJf2...S dt-s. f-r, belare.. ~6t-l~ A Yl.: coY1.+en I ~toe.r 'i Smooth ER - --,7'<&f -~ o9-celJ i "~ p~'}.. c:tn1 tv.o-i Function .. proh::c.-+s 0 f \Y\\-er~l tv-. .h:, .:;: L.ts!5> fHJ cJ'-e.o 5, /'\A..O;...--f-e..n. kai yvUI~ j. 'eJ..-1 1- 'I ~