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Transcript
Alberts • Bray • Hopkin • Johnson • Lewis • Raff • Roberts • Walter Essential Cell Biology FOURTH EDITION Chapter 15 Intracellular Compartments and Protein Transport Copyright © Garland Science 2014 CHAPTER CONTENTS MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES PROTEIN SORTING VESICULAR TRANSPORT SECRETORY PATHWAYS ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES • Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed Organelles • Membrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES • Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed Organelles • Membrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES • Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed Organelles • Membrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being Synthesized • Soluble Proteins Made on the ER Are Released into the ER Lumen • Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Are Transported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms • Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment • Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores • Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts • Proteins Enter Peroxisomes from Both the Cytosol and the Endoplasmic Reticulum PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being Synthesized • Soluble Proteins Made on the ER Are Released into the ER Lumen • Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being Synthesized • Soluble Proteins Made on the ER Are Released into the ER Lumen • Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer PROTEIN SORTING • Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being Synthesized • Soluble Proteins Made on the ER Are Released into the ER Lumen • Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer VESICULAR TRANSPORT • Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane Between Compartments • Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat • Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs VESICULAR TRANSPORT • Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane Between Compartments • Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat • Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs VESICULAR TRANSPORT • Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane Between Compartments • Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat • Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs SECRETORY PATHWAYS • Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER • Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality • The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Demand for Protein • Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus • Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis SECRETORY PATHWAYS • Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER • Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality • The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Demand for Protein • Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus • Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis SECRETORY PATHWAYS • Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER • Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality • The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Demand for Protein • Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus • Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis SECRETORY PATHWAYS • Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER • Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality • The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Demand for Protein • Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus • Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis SECRETORY PATHWAYS • Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER • Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality • The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Demand for Protein • Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus • Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS • Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles • Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis • Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into Animal Cells • Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes • Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS • Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles • Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis • Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into Animal Cells • Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes • Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS • Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles • Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis • Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into Animal Cells • Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes • Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS • Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles • Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis • Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into Animal Cells • Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes • Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS • Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles • Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis • Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into Animal Cells • Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes • Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS
