Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans
... components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its essential protein co-factor, SmpB, is the principal translati ...
... components of the translation machinery. Bacteria have evolved three seemingly independent pathways to resolve stalled translation complexes. The trans-translation process, orchestrated by the hybrid transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its essential protein co-factor, SmpB, is the principal translati ...
ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation
... stoichiometry of 3.1 for ATP–DnaA protein and of 1.6:1 for ADP–DnaA, which makes sense in the context of the limitations explained before. A fragment containing ATP– DnaA box b and ATP–DnaA box c, but without DnaA boxes 1 and 2, did not show any binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein. This indicates t ...
... stoichiometry of 3.1 for ATP–DnaA protein and of 1.6:1 for ADP–DnaA, which makes sense in the context of the limitations explained before. A fragment containing ATP– DnaA box b and ATP–DnaA box c, but without DnaA boxes 1 and 2, did not show any binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein. This indicates t ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
... instead it catalyzes a histone exchange reaction that replaces nucleosomal H2A–H2B with free H2A.Z–H2B dimers delivered to the remodeler by one of several histone chaperones, such as Chz1, Nap1 and FACT (21,29,30). The directionality of the reaction is ensured by the regulation of the SWR ATPase tha ...
... instead it catalyzes a histone exchange reaction that replaces nucleosomal H2A–H2B with free H2A.Z–H2B dimers delivered to the remodeler by one of several histone chaperones, such as Chz1, Nap1 and FACT (21,29,30). The directionality of the reaction is ensured by the regulation of the SWR ATPase tha ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... the αβ tubulin heterodimer from bovine brain (108) provided conclusive evidence for FtsZ and tubulin homology (figure 3). FtsZ and tubulin form a distinct class of GTPases and a common nomenclature for their secondary structure elements has been developed (106). Both proteins consist of two domains ...
... the αβ tubulin heterodimer from bovine brain (108) provided conclusive evidence for FtsZ and tubulin homology (figure 3). FtsZ and tubulin form a distinct class of GTPases and a common nomenclature for their secondary structure elements has been developed (106). Both proteins consist of two domains ...
Development 128, 4439-4447 (2001)
... central region of Chordin and one specific for the N terminus (Fig. 2A). Microinjection of Tsg mRNA caused a marked reduction in the amount of secreted endogenous full-length Chordin (Fig. 2B,C; lanes 1 and 2). In Xolloid-injected embryos, a stable Chordin degradation fragment (corresponding to the ...
... central region of Chordin and one specific for the N terminus (Fig. 2A). Microinjection of Tsg mRNA caused a marked reduction in the amount of secreted endogenous full-length Chordin (Fig. 2B,C; lanes 1 and 2). In Xolloid-injected embryos, a stable Chordin degradation fragment (corresponding to the ...
Interrelations between translation and general mRNA degradation in
... On the other hand, extrinsic inhibition of initiation results from changes in the environment of the cell (Figure 4). Extrinsic inhibition feeds into stress response pathways and generally slows mRNA ...
... On the other hand, extrinsic inhibition of initiation results from changes in the environment of the cell (Figure 4). Extrinsic inhibition feeds into stress response pathways and generally slows mRNA ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... proteasome-dependent degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and other growth regulatory proteins (7 – 9). In addition to mediating degradation of p53, MDM2 blocks the interaction of p53 with the transcriptional apparatus (10), mediates translocation of p53 to the cytoplasm (11), thereby rem ...
... proteasome-dependent degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and other growth regulatory proteins (7 – 9). In addition to mediating degradation of p53, MDM2 blocks the interaction of p53 with the transcriptional apparatus (10), mediates translocation of p53 to the cytoplasm (11), thereby rem ...
The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin
... direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damaged mitochondria are identified and targeted to degradation in order to prevent their accumulation and eventually cell death. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of either gene function disrupts this protective p ...
... direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damaged mitochondria are identified and targeted to degradation in order to prevent their accumulation and eventually cell death. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of either gene function disrupts this protective p ...
Ser/Thr
... • Apomucin contain tandem repeats (8-169 amino acids) rich in proline, threonine, and serine (PTS domains) • Glycosylation constitutes as much as 80% of mass and tends to be clustered - bottle brush • Expressed by epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genito-urinary tract ...
... • Apomucin contain tandem repeats (8-169 amino acids) rich in proline, threonine, and serine (PTS domains) • Glycosylation constitutes as much as 80% of mass and tends to be clustered - bottle brush • Expressed by epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genito-urinary tract ...
Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex
... TAK1 in a context-dependent manner (Figure 2). In addition, TAK1 deletion mutant lacking N-terminal 22 amino acids exhibits constitutive activity [1], and a peptide containing N-terminal 77 amino acids of TAK1 can inhibit TAK1 activation [15]. Therefore, the N-terminal region of TAK1 has been sugges ...
... TAK1 in a context-dependent manner (Figure 2). In addition, TAK1 deletion mutant lacking N-terminal 22 amino acids exhibits constitutive activity [1], and a peptide containing N-terminal 77 amino acids of TAK1 can inhibit TAK1 activation [15]. Therefore, the N-terminal region of TAK1 has been sugges ...
The cell biology of major histocompatibility complex class
... a domains having canonical thioredoxin-like motifs (CxxC C = cysteine, x = any amino acid) conferring catalytic activity, separated by catalytically inactive b and b domains. The crystal structure of its orthologue PDI showed a twisted U-shaped conformation with the catalytic sites at the ends of ...
... a domains having canonical thioredoxin-like motifs (CxxC C = cysteine, x = any amino acid) conferring catalytic activity, separated by catalytically inactive b and b domains. The crystal structure of its orthologue PDI showed a twisted U-shaped conformation with the catalytic sites at the ends of ...
A low-molecular-mass protein from Methylococcus
... Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and has been shown t o alter the substrate specificity and kinetics of NAD+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from the same organism. Purification methods for both the modifin and FDH are presented which reliably produced pure protein for further analys ...
... Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and has been shown t o alter the substrate specificity and kinetics of NAD+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from the same organism. Purification methods for both the modifin and FDH are presented which reliably produced pure protein for further analys ...
With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... in β strand 3 conserved in all other functional kinase domains, the WNKs contain a cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there a ...
... in β strand 3 conserved in all other functional kinase domains, the WNKs contain a cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there a ...
Schubert, C. M., R. Lin, C. J. de Vries, R. H. A.
... the C. elegans egg. This rapid diversification occurs because the egg contains a pool of maternally provided mRNAs that encode determinative factors, and the early blastomeres have markedly different potentials for expressing these factors. This results in the asymmetric expression patterns of trans ...
... the C. elegans egg. This rapid diversification occurs because the egg contains a pool of maternally provided mRNAs that encode determinative factors, and the early blastomeres have markedly different potentials for expressing these factors. This results in the asymmetric expression patterns of trans ...
Cbp3–Cbp6 interacts with the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal tunnel
... site also contains proteins found exclusively in these organelles (Gruschke et al., 2010). Hence, this important structure of the ribosome was considerably modified in the course of evolution, implying novel ways to organize translation in mitochondria. Here, we report that Cbp3, an assembly factor ...
... site also contains proteins found exclusively in these organelles (Gruschke et al., 2010). Hence, this important structure of the ribosome was considerably modified in the course of evolution, implying novel ways to organize translation in mitochondria. Here, we report that Cbp3, an assembly factor ...
Substrate specificity and inhibitors of LRRK2, a protein kinase
... To investigate further and improve the optimal phosphorylation motif for LRRK2, we utilized a positional scanning peptide library approach [17,18]. This assay utilizes 198 biotinylated peptide libraries. Each library contains a 1:1 mixture of serine and threonine at the central position and one addi ...
... To investigate further and improve the optimal phosphorylation motif for LRRK2, we utilized a positional scanning peptide library approach [17,18]. This assay utilizes 198 biotinylated peptide libraries. Each library contains a 1:1 mixture of serine and threonine at the central position and one addi ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a cleft between the two subunits maintaining the nucleo ...
... contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a cleft between the two subunits maintaining the nucleo ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... and 3 subunits, the glycans undergo carbohydrate modifications, and the subunits complex with one another, although the precise sequence of these events is not established; the complexes are then transported to the Golgi for further carbohydrate modification and cleavage of the pro-␣IIb (relative m ...
... and 3 subunits, the glycans undergo carbohydrate modifications, and the subunits complex with one another, although the precise sequence of these events is not established; the complexes are then transported to the Golgi for further carbohydrate modification and cleavage of the pro-␣IIb (relative m ...
C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during
... Two major kinases, cdk2 and cdk4, are activated during G1, resulting in the release of Rb-dependent repression of E2F transcription and progression through S phase (Dyson 1998; Sherr and Roberts, 1999). The activity of cdk2 and cdk4 kinases is positively modulated during the cell cycle by associatio ...
... Two major kinases, cdk2 and cdk4, are activated during G1, resulting in the release of Rb-dependent repression of E2F transcription and progression through S phase (Dyson 1998; Sherr and Roberts, 1999). The activity of cdk2 and cdk4 kinases is positively modulated during the cell cycle by associatio ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... [11]. All contain large regions of coiled-coil, a common protein motif known to form an extended rod-like structure [12]. Exactly why golgins are autoantigens is still unclear, but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading t ...
... [11]. All contain large regions of coiled-coil, a common protein motif known to form an extended rod-like structure [12]. Exactly why golgins are autoantigens is still unclear, but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading t ...
Heterozygous LmnadelK32 mice develop dilated
... laminopathies (4). These pathologies involve either specific tissues (striated muscles, adipose tissue, peripheral nerves) or several systems (progeroid syndromes) with overlapping phenotypes. Among the LMNA mutations identified so far, most of them lead to cardiac diseases (DCM-CD) isolated or asso ...
... laminopathies (4). These pathologies involve either specific tissues (striated muscles, adipose tissue, peripheral nerves) or several systems (progeroid syndromes) with overlapping phenotypes. Among the LMNA mutations identified so far, most of them lead to cardiac diseases (DCM-CD) isolated or asso ...
Formation of a highly peptide-receptive state of class II MHC.
... recombinant MHC lacking the transmembrane domain allowed purification of water-soluble class II molecules devoid of endogenous peptide (Wettstein et al., 1991; Stern and Wiley, 1992). Compared to detergent-solubilized class II–containing endogenous peptides, this water-soluble protein binds peptide ...
... recombinant MHC lacking the transmembrane domain allowed purification of water-soluble class II molecules devoid of endogenous peptide (Wettstein et al., 1991; Stern and Wiley, 1992). Compared to detergent-solubilized class II–containing endogenous peptides, this water-soluble protein binds peptide ...
A basic serine protease from Paecilomyces lilacinus
... purified from the culture filtrate by affinity chromatography. It has a molecular mass of 33.5 kDa, a pH optimum of 103, a temperature optimum of 60 "C and an isoelectric point above pH 102. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF. The amino acid sequence, as derived from the nucleotide sequence ...
... purified from the culture filtrate by affinity chromatography. It has a molecular mass of 33.5 kDa, a pH optimum of 103, a temperature optimum of 60 "C and an isoelectric point above pH 102. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF. The amino acid sequence, as derived from the nucleotide sequence ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.