Allosteric Interactions after 50Years
... provide a statistical mechanical treatment of the allosteric model is also provided in this issue. 44 In addition to large-scale systems such as bacterial chemotaxis, other complex structures have come under scrutiny with respect to their allosteric features. A particularly impressive example is the ...
... provide a statistical mechanical treatment of the allosteric model is also provided in this issue. 44 In addition to large-scale systems such as bacterial chemotaxis, other complex structures have come under scrutiny with respect to their allosteric features. A particularly impressive example is the ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
... in FAD binding to flavoproteins. The structure is rotated ~180 ~ about the vertical relative to (a) to of wild-type Rab2~ Further exbring the FAD-binding groove and the ~(~13unit (yellow) and the remnant GXG motif (red) into view. The orange strands flanking the 13(~i3unit are part of the extended s ...
... in FAD binding to flavoproteins. The structure is rotated ~180 ~ about the vertical relative to (a) to of wild-type Rab2~ Further exbring the FAD-binding groove and the ~(~13unit (yellow) and the remnant GXG motif (red) into view. The orange strands flanking the 13(~i3unit are part of the extended s ...
Selected reaction monitoring applied to proteomics
... initially in the context of ‘mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy’ (MIKE) experiment performed on sector instruments.[4] The SRM technique becomes routine when implemented on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers, first introduced by Enke and Yost.[5] When a triple quadrupole instrument is operated in SR ...
... initially in the context of ‘mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy’ (MIKE) experiment performed on sector instruments.[4] The SRM technique becomes routine when implemented on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers, first introduced by Enke and Yost.[5] When a triple quadrupole instrument is operated in SR ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... the a1 subunit is folded down and the hydrophobic side of its amphipathic helix is oriented downwards, making hydrophobic contacts with the body of the heterodimer [21] (Figure 3a–c). This region had higher temperature factors than other regions of the protein in the crystallography study, suggestin ...
... the a1 subunit is folded down and the hydrophobic side of its amphipathic helix is oriented downwards, making hydrophobic contacts with the body of the heterodimer [21] (Figure 3a–c). This region had higher temperature factors than other regions of the protein in the crystallography study, suggestin ...
FtsZ - Cytoskeleton, Inc.
... The tubulin homolog FtsZ protein (Filamenting temperaturesensitive mutant Z) is essential for bacterial cell division and an ideal target for novel anti-microbials. Mutants lacking this protein do not divide, but continue to elongate into filaments. FtsZ is a GTPase that polymerizes in a nucleotide- ...
... The tubulin homolog FtsZ protein (Filamenting temperaturesensitive mutant Z) is essential for bacterial cell division and an ideal target for novel anti-microbials. Mutants lacking this protein do not divide, but continue to elongate into filaments. FtsZ is a GTPase that polymerizes in a nucleotide- ...
Structure of Mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP
... the α-hook region binds into this site in the presence of AMP and predict that the same situation would occur with ADP. also suggest that binding of the α-hook acts to restrict the flexibility of the preceding α-linker region (residues 300–370) and promotes the interaction of the kinase domain wi ...
... the α-hook region binds into this site in the presence of AMP and predict that the same situation would occur with ADP. also suggest that binding of the α-hook acts to restrict the flexibility of the preceding α-linker region (residues 300–370) and promotes the interaction of the kinase domain wi ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... In this report we focus on the involvement of a third component, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), in cytoplasmic polyadenylation. CPSF was first characterized based on its role in nuclear cleavage and polyadenylation (21, 27, 49). In the nucleus, both the cleavage and subseque ...
... In this report we focus on the involvement of a third component, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), in cytoplasmic polyadenylation. CPSF was first characterized based on its role in nuclear cleavage and polyadenylation (21, 27, 49). In the nucleus, both the cleavage and subseque ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
... (or proto-mRNA, pt-mRNA) in the proto-small subunit (pt-small subunit), and in a fashion similar to that of the codon and anticodon interaction. The “anticodon” was then cleaved from the pt-tRNA molecule and ligated with the nascent RNA. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the required nuc ...
... (or proto-mRNA, pt-mRNA) in the proto-small subunit (pt-small subunit), and in a fashion similar to that of the codon and anticodon interaction. The “anticodon” was then cleaved from the pt-tRNA molecule and ligated with the nascent RNA. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the required nuc ...
Calcium binding chaperones of the endoplasmic reticulum
... stability of the protein (Kapoor et al. 2004; Leach and Williams 2003; Martin et al. 2006; Thomson and Williams 2005). The P-domain (residues 181-290) immediately follows the N-domain and forms a flexible arm domain (Ellgaard et al. 2001a; Ellgaard et al. 2001b). This central proline-rich core is ch ...
... stability of the protein (Kapoor et al. 2004; Leach and Williams 2003; Martin et al. 2006; Thomson and Williams 2005). The P-domain (residues 181-290) immediately follows the N-domain and forms a flexible arm domain (Ellgaard et al. 2001a; Ellgaard et al. 2001b). This central proline-rich core is ch ...
How does photosystem 2 split water?
... act as minimal photosynthetic units~6; they might well be made up of dimeric PS2 core complexes ~~. The tetrameric particles disappear - concomitant with the loss of water-splitting activity upon removal of the 33kDa extrinsic protein (PsbO) and two others, the 17kDa and 23kDa proteins (PsbQ and Psb ...
... act as minimal photosynthetic units~6; they might well be made up of dimeric PS2 core complexes ~~. The tetrameric particles disappear - concomitant with the loss of water-splitting activity upon removal of the 33kDa extrinsic protein (PsbO) and two others, the 17kDa and 23kDa proteins (PsbQ and Psb ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
Life and death of transcriptional co
... p300 is regulated. Many of the acetylated lysine residues are clustered in p300 HAT domain, which is sensitive to proteases, and the catalytic activity of p300 is stimulated by autoacetylation of some of these lysine residues.25 Autoacetylation of these lysine residues appears to act as a reversible ...
... p300 is regulated. Many of the acetylated lysine residues are clustered in p300 HAT domain, which is sensitive to proteases, and the catalytic activity of p300 is stimulated by autoacetylation of some of these lysine residues.25 Autoacetylation of these lysine residues appears to act as a reversible ...
Benzoate mediates the simultaneous repression of anaerobic 4
... and aromatic compounds and is unique for anaerobic degradation of 4-methylbenzoate. The latter proceeds via a distinct reaction sequence analogous to the central anaerobic benzoyl-CoA pathway to intermediates of central metabolism. Considering the presence of these two different anaerobic “aromatic ...
... and aromatic compounds and is unique for anaerobic degradation of 4-methylbenzoate. The latter proceeds via a distinct reaction sequence analogous to the central anaerobic benzoyl-CoA pathway to intermediates of central metabolism. Considering the presence of these two different anaerobic “aromatic ...
LNBI 9043 - Lupin Allergy: Uncovering Structural Features and
... and, green respectively, integrating main proteins domains. C) Superimpositions showed the close structural relationship with allergens from other legumes such as peanut (Ara h 1), soybean (β-conglycinin), Mung bean (Vig r 2), and lentils (Len c 1). Å = Armstrong; MA = ...
... and, green respectively, integrating main proteins domains. C) Superimpositions showed the close structural relationship with allergens from other legumes such as peanut (Ara h 1), soybean (β-conglycinin), Mung bean (Vig r 2), and lentils (Len c 1). Å = Armstrong; MA = ...
New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System
... 2. APC/C-Cdh1 and Axon Growth in the Cerebellar Cortex In the adult brain, axon growth is limited by intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition, which is essential for a correct neuronal architecture. Konishi et al. (2004) showed that APC/C controls axonal growth and patterning in mammalian neurons [12]. Th ...
... 2. APC/C-Cdh1 and Axon Growth in the Cerebellar Cortex In the adult brain, axon growth is limited by intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition, which is essential for a correct neuronal architecture. Konishi et al. (2004) showed that APC/C controls axonal growth and patterning in mammalian neurons [12]. Th ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Oxidative Phosphorylation
... Molecular Probes offers a range of subunit-specific antibodies for the study of mitochondrial function and dysfunction (Tables 13 and Figure 1), including monoclonal antibodies specific for subunits of human COX (Complex IV) and for representative subunits of human Complexes I, II, III and V. These ...
... Molecular Probes offers a range of subunit-specific antibodies for the study of mitochondrial function and dysfunction (Tables 13 and Figure 1), including monoclonal antibodies specific for subunits of human COX (Complex IV) and for representative subunits of human Complexes I, II, III and V. These ...
Differential Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
... tissue damage. Patients with severe sepsis are prone to skeletal muscle dysfunction which is manifested as fiber atrophy and depressed contractile performance. The causes of sepsisinduced muscle atrophy remain under investigation. In this thesis, we hypothesize that sepsis triggers fiber atrophy in ...
... tissue damage. Patients with severe sepsis are prone to skeletal muscle dysfunction which is manifested as fiber atrophy and depressed contractile performance. The causes of sepsisinduced muscle atrophy remain under investigation. In this thesis, we hypothesize that sepsis triggers fiber atrophy in ...
The Case of Protein Kinase CK2
... between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Li et al., 1997). This part of the protein also contains two motifs that have been previously characterized as motifs that regulate cyclin degradation. The CK2β regulatory subunit has a sequence resembling the nine-amino-acid motif called the destruction box, w ...
... between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Li et al., 1997). This part of the protein also contains two motifs that have been previously characterized as motifs that regulate cyclin degradation. The CK2β regulatory subunit has a sequence resembling the nine-amino-acid motif called the destruction box, w ...
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Protein Folding
... kDa). A theoretical crowding model was used to investigate the origins of this stabilization. In this model, Dextran and Ficoll were modeled as elongated rods and the protein was represented as a sphere, with the folded sphere representation being smaller than the unfolded sphere representation. Not ...
... kDa). A theoretical crowding model was used to investigate the origins of this stabilization. In this model, Dextran and Ficoll were modeled as elongated rods and the protein was represented as a sphere, with the folded sphere representation being smaller than the unfolded sphere representation. Not ...
Rapid Reversion from Monomer to Dimer
... exposure to ensure that the chemical entered the cells. To test the effectiveness of the CHX treatment, we monitored the UV-B induction of CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) expression, which is inhibited by CHX (Christie and Jenkins, 1996). Control plants were treated in exactly the same way except that CHX w ...
... exposure to ensure that the chemical entered the cells. To test the effectiveness of the CHX treatment, we monitored the UV-B induction of CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) expression, which is inhibited by CHX (Christie and Jenkins, 1996). Control plants were treated in exactly the same way except that CHX w ...
Genetic Dissection of Chloroplast Biogenesis and
... develop along with the newly assembled photosystems for assimilating light for photosynthesis. Alternatively, proplastid to chloroplast differentiation in the light proceeds directly. In some cases, chloroplasts can also develop from other plastids such as chromoplasts, though our focus here will be ...
... develop along with the newly assembled photosystems for assimilating light for photosynthesis. Alternatively, proplastid to chloroplast differentiation in the light proceeds directly. In some cases, chloroplasts can also develop from other plastids such as chromoplasts, though our focus here will be ...
The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram
... common ancestor (LAECA)) is in the actinobacteria. He cites traits shared between the eukaryotes and actinobacteria to support this hypothesis, but they are only relevant if archaea are holophyletic. We provide an alternative interpretation of this distribution by invoking an actinobacterial endosym ...
... common ancestor (LAECA)) is in the actinobacteria. He cites traits shared between the eukaryotes and actinobacteria to support this hypothesis, but they are only relevant if archaea are holophyletic. We provide an alternative interpretation of this distribution by invoking an actinobacterial endosym ...
high frequency ultrasound waves for degradation of amoxicillin in
... 1928 when he noticed it being produced by the mold Penicilliumnotatum. However, amoxicillin is an artificially altered (semisynthetic) variant of penicillin, and was first made in 1972. The whole point of converting penicillin into amoxicillin is that the latter is more effective at treating disease ...
... 1928 when he noticed it being produced by the mold Penicilliumnotatum. However, amoxicillin is an artificially altered (semisynthetic) variant of penicillin, and was first made in 1972. The whole point of converting penicillin into amoxicillin is that the latter is more effective at treating disease ...
Biogenesis of proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space
... 1994; Young, Hoogenraad et al. 2003). Specific signals within the precursor proteins direct them to mitochondria and subsequently to their distinct subcompartment in the organelle. Sophisticated molecular machineries, named translocases, have evolved to mediate protein import and sorting and subsequ ...
... 1994; Young, Hoogenraad et al. 2003). Specific signals within the precursor proteins direct them to mitochondria and subsequently to their distinct subcompartment in the organelle. Sophisticated molecular machineries, named translocases, have evolved to mediate protein import and sorting and subsequ ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.